CUDDALOEE SANDSTONES. 57 



Very much the same series occurs at the Samalkot end of this 

 area, where the beds run up into rather elevated ground towards and 

 beyond Peddapuram. This high ground is, however, I think of the 

 Dowlaishweram beds, and is largely quarried. The fort beyond Pedda- 

 puram is built on the lower beds of the band, or on the upper part of 

 the intermediate band of white and red clays ; and the colour of these 

 is so bright and rich, that the fort, ridges, and hills around, which are 

 also much surrounded by trees, often present a most glowing picture in 

 the morning or evening light. 



The Pungadi plateau is made up of the lower conglomerates and 

 sands only, and here the bottom beds are well exposed along, the north- 

 ern boundary, where they form at times a low scarp of a few feet 

 over the upper trap slopes ; and also a couple of small outliers on the 

 trap headlands to the west-north-west of Pungadi. The lowest beds are 

 coarse hard sandstones and heavy conglomerates of fragments and pebbles 

 of clear quartz and quartzite, having sometimes a matrix of hard 

 ferruginous clay though the usual cement is simply brown peroxide of 

 iron. The higher beds, as in the rising ground to the south-west of 

 Pungadi, are coarse yellow and buff felspatbic sandstones, not at all 

 unlike some Kamthi beds, or the Tripati beds above the Ragavapuram 

 shales. 



The further Pentium patch is also of the lowest beds ; but this is 

 a very low-lying area, hardly to be recognized, except here and there, as 

 much higher than the alluvium along its northern edge. Some of the 

 beds in this patch are highly ferruginous, and these are worked for iron, 

 which is rudely smelted at two or three villages, principally near 

 Marillamudi and Dobcherla. 



The Dudugut area is again a rather elevated plateau-like range, the 

 back and scarps of which consist of dark-brown and red, sometimes 

 nearly black, hard, and often vitreous, sandstones and heavy conglo- 

 merates, which are here capping sandstones of the Gollapili beds of the 

 Upper Gondwanas. They are more like bottom beds of this latter group, 

 as it is developed in the Kamerapukota country, or as often like the 



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