INTRODUCTORY. 9 



upon which rested conglomerate, and Dr. Carter pointed out that a similar 

 formation occurred throughout the whole western coast of India, and was 

 found also in part on the'south-eastern coast of Arabia and on. the African 

 coast and islands opposite. Some of the formations thus classed together 

 have since been shown to be of a very different age from others, and it is 

 not quite clear whether the blue clay of Karachi belonged to the pliocene 

 Manchhar beds, or whether it was a sub -recent deposit, no details being 

 given as to its mode of occurrence. 1 



It will be best to notice together Dr. Carter's two principal papers 

 on Sind Foraminifera, although there is a wide difference between the 

 dates of publication, the first having appeared in 1853, 3 the second in 1861, 3 

 after the publication of D'Archiac and Haime's monograph of the genus 

 Nummulites, noticed below, in which (pp. 342 and 343) some of Dr. 

 Carter's earlier identifications are reviewed and corrected, and of that of Dr. 

 Carpenter's papers on Foraminifera, published in the Philosophical Transac- 

 Dr. Carter's Sind Fora- tions. 4 In Dr. Carter's papers the genera noticed 

 rnimfera. are J^ummulina or NummuUtes, Assilina, Operculina, 



Alveolina, Orbitoides, Conulites, nov. gen. (= Fatellina), Orhitolina, Cyclo- 

 Una = (Orbitolites), Heterostegina, Oyclocl-ypeus, Orbiculina, and Orbitolites. 

 The species described from Sind are the following :•— 



1. Operculina, sp., subsequently named O. tattaensis by D'Archiac and Haime. 

 Specimens agreeing with Dr. Carter's description, and procured at the same 

 locality by Mr. Fedden, who identified them, are considered by Prof. 



1 If, as appears far from improbable, the clay was obtained from the bore at Ghizri, made 

 by Major Turner, of which a section is given in a later paper of Dr. Carter's (Jour. B. Br. 

 Boy. As. Soc, Vol. v, p. 300), the formation was probably miocene (Gaj), as it was classed by 

 Dr. Carter in the latter paper quoted, 



2 " Description of some of the larger forms of fossilized Foraminifera in Sind, with 

 observations on their internal structure" — Jour. B. Br. Boy. As. Soc, v, pp. 124 — 141 ; 

 Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, Vol. xi, p. 161 ; Geological Papers on 

 Western India, p. 533. 



3 Further observations on the structure of Foraminifera, and on the larger Fossilized 

 Forms of Sind, &c, including a new genus and species, — Jour. B. Br. Boy. As. Soc, vi, 

 pp. 31 — 96 j Annals and Magazine, Natural History, Series 3, Vol. viii, pp. 246, 309, 

 366, 446 ; Pis. xv, xvi, xvn ; the plates, which are of great assistance in determining the 

 species, are omitted in the Bombay edition. 



4 1856, pp. 181, 547 ; 1859, p. 1 ; 1860, p. 535. 



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