28 BLANFOED : GEOLOGY OF WESTERN SIND. 



of Tone. A much higher range, that of Bidur, farther to the west- 

 ward, forms the eastern watershed of the Habb 

 river, and extends for a long distance to the north- 

 ward but it lies nearly throughout west of the Sind frontier. 



South of this the country assumes a different appearance. The 

 Habb valley is a wide plain, not alluvial, but 

 undulating, and containing low hills of sand- 

 stone in places. To the east of the Habb valley are several broad 

 flat plateaus of moderate elevation, composed of miocene beds and 

 divided from each other by lower plains. Two of the principal plateaus 

 Mol and Miher pla- are known as Mol and Miher, or Mahr, the latter 

 teaus. lying to the west of the former and not extending 



so far north. To the southward these plateaus sink into the plain, 

 or are broken up into low ranges of hills in the country north and 

 north-east of Karachi. One of the best marked of these ridges runs 



from near Mugger Peer, north of Karachi, to Cape 

 Pabb range. 



Monze. West of the Habb river there is a much 



higher range, rising to upwards of 3,000 feet in places, known as the 



Pabb range. 



As will be shown in the sequel, nearly all the ranges mentioned are 



Geological structure of °* peculiarly simple geological construction, many 

 hill ranges. f them being merely anticlinal rolls of num- 



mulitic limestone, from which the softer overlying beds have been 

 removed by denudation. As a rule, the antielinals are steeper on one 

 side, generally the eastern, and they frequently consist of a double anti- 

 clinal fold with a small synclinal between. The general direction of 

 the ranges, as already noticed, is nearly north and south. Faults and 

 dislocations are of rare occurrence, and those which occur are frequently 

 parallel to the axes of the hill ranges. 



The rivers of Sind (see Plate II), apart from the Indus and its 



Rivers of Sind. Habb branches, are unimportant, and the majority are 

 liver. (j r y a ft er ra i n# The largest is the Habb, which 



rises in Baluchistan, much farther north than it is represented on the maps, 

 ( 28 ) 



