66 BLANFORD : GEOLOGY OF WESTERN SIND. 



not hitherto detected in the Siwaliks show that the mammaliferous beds 

 of Sind are o£ older age than the typical Siwalik strata. It should be 

 recollected, moreover, that the precise horizon at which the Siwalik 

 forms are found is but rarely known with accuracy ,• that some of the 

 Siwalik strata are as old as the lower Manchhar, if not older, 

 and that a portion at least of the older types of mammals are from 

 beds low in the Siwalik series. None of the remarkable series 

 of types allied to the giraffes and Sivatherium, nor of the peculiar 

 Absence of Siwalik bovine and antilopine forms, so characteristic of 

 fonns - the Siwalik fauna, have as yet been found in Sind i 



the only ruminant detected in the Manchhar beds is the miocene 

 Dorcatlierucm, and the place of the more specialized Pecora appears to 

 have been occupied by the less specialized even-toed ungulates allied to 

 the pig. While, therefore, it is probable that some extinct types, such as 

 Anthracotherium and Ryopotamus, which are not known in Europe above 

 the lower miocene, existed in India at a somewhat later period, together 

 with species which survived till pliocene times, it is evident that the 

 lower portion of the Manchhar group can scarcely be considered of later 

 date than upper miocene. The palaeontological evidence is in accordance 

 with the geological, and both show the close connection between the lower 

 Manchhar beds and the Gaj group. 



Relations of Sind tertiary beds to those of neighbouring provinces. — 



With the exception of the olive group of the Punjab Salt Range, 



Relations between Sind supposed to represent the Cardita beaumonti beds 



and Cntch tertiaries. of sin( ^ n0 definite extension of the Sind beds 



below the Deccan trap has been clearly traced into the neighbouring 

 provinces. The upper members of the Sind series, however, are ap- 

 parently identical with those found in Cutch, and probably, now that 

 the typical fossils are known, the same sub-divisions may be traced into 

 Guzerat. The following are the beds in Cutch, as classified in 

 Mr. Wynne's Memoir on the Geology, 1 with the corresponding groups in 

 Sind as already defined : — 



1 Mem. Geol. Surv. India, ix, p. 48. 

 ( 66 ) 



