SOUTHERN KHIRTHAR, BHIT AND BADHRA RANGES. Ill 



beds to the west of the stream dip towards the Khirthar rocks at a 



high angle. Further north than this, at a pass called Gari-jo-lak, 1 the rocks 



are greatly shattered and broken. In the valley, near this pass, is a 



warm spring issuing at a temperature of about 90°. There is much 



calcareous tufa about the spring, containing, as usual, impressions of plants 



and some fresh- water shells {Melania). 



The Bhit range is a great anticlinal saddle of Khirthar limestone 



with Nari beds resting upon it on both sides. The 



culminating point is a" trigonometrical station 



2,700 feet above the sea, but for a long distance north and south the top 



of the range is nearly level. East of the Bhit 

 Section at Pir Gazi. _ , 



ridge, near Pir Gazi, a Mussalman shrine near 



a very fine hot-spring, the Gaj and Manchhar outcrop runs for some 



miles along the base of the hill. At Pir Gazi the Manchhars and Gaj 



beds are well seen, and consist of a series of low parallel ridges dipping 



east-20°-north at a high angle (50° to 60°). A conglomerate bed is 



seen close to the village itself, and is the uppermost Manchhar bed 



exposed ; the remainder of the Manchhar group is apparently even 



thinner than it is at Tandra Rahim Khan, which is only about 



4 miles distant to the north-north-west. The conglomerate bed 



of Pir Gazi probably is the uppermost Manchhar conglomerate; but 



it differs somewhat from the ordinary type, and contains but little 



Khirthar limestone. The Gaj beds succeed below the Manchhar group, 



and a band abounding in jEchinodermata is seen well exposed on the bank 



of the small stream running from the hot-spring. Amongst the fossils 



found here, besides the common Ccelopleurus forbesi and Echinolampas 



jacquemonti, were a Schizaster, a Maretia, scarcely if at all distinguishable 



from the recent M. planulaia, and a fine Meoma. The Nari beds are 



also well exposed. 



Towards the base of the Nari beds the hot-spring gushes out, which 



has been described by Vicary, and which is so 

 Hot-spring. 



remarkable for the enormous quantity of calca- 

 reous tufa deposited. The water issues in a hollow at some elevation above 



1 Lak, a pass. 



( HI ) 



