SOUTHERN KHIRTHAR, BHIT AND BADHRA RANGES. 113 



There is a large hot-spring at Shah Rrihi (temperature 100°) , and the 

 Hot-sprincr near Shah m ^ close by is thickly covered with calcareous 



• tufa, a sheet of the same formation extending over 



the country to the west and south-west. The channels in which the 

 water of the spring flows for purposes of irrigation are all converted 

 into stony conduits by the deposition of carbonate of lime, and some 

 of these channels are seen standing above the surface, where the latter has 

 been lowered by denudation, like masonry aqueducts. 



Around Pir Bingi, about 1| miles south-east of Shah Ruhi, and on 

 the opposite side of the valley, there are five small thermal springs along 

 the base of the great limestone hill-range (Badhra). The only one of 

 which the temperature was measured was at 92*° Fahr. Another spring 

 occurs west by south of Shah Ruhi, near the foot of the Bhit range. 

 The temperature is comparatively low. 



Throughout the Upper Naegh Valley the upper beds of the Nari 

 group are well represented along the base of the 



Upper Naegh Valley. 



Badhra range, some thousands of feet of soft 

 unfossiliferous sandstone being exposed. A few hundred feet below 

 the top of the group there is a coarse friable variegated quartz grit 

 formed of subangular fragments. Above the Nari beds there are several 

 hundred feet of Gaj strata, occupying an isolated area, about 14 miles 

 long from north to south, and upon these again, there is, in one place, 

 a patch of Manchhar beds extending about 8| miles from north to south. 

 All these rocks dip to the westward, and are cut off: by a large fault, 

 bringing up Khirthar beds against Gaj and Manchhar, along the eastern 

 base of the Khirthar range, which forms the western side of all the Upper 

 Naegh Valley, the Bhit range having coalesced with the main ridge. 

 A little Nari rock occurs west of the fault. 



The Gaj beds crop out to the eastward of their area in a ridge called 



Gaj heds of Upper Karo Phang, 1 the upper portion of which and its 



Naegh Valley. western slope are formed of dark brown calcareous 



grit passing into gritty limestone. This bed is from 20 to 40 feet thick ; 



1 Phang is a Baluch word applied to a ridge or water-shed. - 



h ( 113 ) 



