THE LAKI RANGE, ETC. 135 



the trap takes place at the axis of the anticlinal of Ranikot beds, the 

 infra-trappean heds not being exposed. South of this the fault appears 

 to die out ; the Ranikot beds merely form a flat anticlinal, and are hori- 

 zontal for a considerable distance, the underlying cretaceous beds not 

 appearing at the surface. 



In one place near Kandori, the spot just mentioned, about 6 miles 

 north of Ranikot, a band of carbonaceous shale with some layers of coal 

 occurs in the olive sandstone just below the trap. This coaly bed thins 

 out within a few yards, but serves to show that the olive shales are pro- 

 bably littoral or estuarine. 



The trap and the underlying olive shales are well seen in a tributary 

 Trap and infra-trap- which joins the Mohan stream from the north 

 pean beds at Ranikot. near tiie eas t er n wall of Ranikot. Ranikot is a 



great fortified enclosure, 3 miles in length from east to west, and about 

 the same from north to south, nearly surrounded by a wall, and having 

 two citadels inside, one of which is the Miri of the map. Some minor 

 fortifications are scattered about. The Mohan river runs through the 

 middle, and a warm spring (temperature 80° Fahr.) rises at the western 

 extremity of the fortress, which was built by the Amirs of Sind about 

 1812. 



The following description of the section on the Mohan stream at 



Ranikot was given in the notes on this part of Sind published in 1867 1 



from the observations made in 1863 : — 



" At the (eastern) entrance to the gorge the limestones (Khirthar), where they emerge 

 from beneath the alluvial boulder deposits, have a low dip to the east. They are sharply 

 twisted up at one spot, but continue steadily beyond and rise into a hill about 460 feet 

 high. From beneath them, at the west base of this hill, which is part of the outer ridge 

 already mentioned as bordering the plain, the gypsiferous clays and sandstones (Ranikot) 

 crop out, much varied in colour as usual, but with a very high dip of 60° to the eastward. 

 Yet there is no clearly marked unconformity. These beds continue at the same dip for 

 above a quarter of a mile, when they roll over at an anticlinal, and continuing up the 

 stream to the westward he at much lower angles, frequently horizontal, but generally dip- 

 ping at 10° or 15° to the west or north-west. At the axis of the anticlinal the lowest bed 

 seen is trap, which only appears in the stream for a few yards. It is slightly amygdaloidal, 



1 Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind„ Vol. VI, p. 5. 



( 135 ) 



