186 BLANFORD ! GEOLOGY OF WESTERN SIND. 



The headland of Manora, on which stands the light-house at the en- 

 trance to Karachi harbour, consists of pale-brown, 

 Manora. . 



bluish, and purplish clay, sandy in parts, with con- 

 glomerate bands. These beds appear to be Manchhar; they are capped 

 by a thick mass of conglomerate, composed of oblately spheroidal pebbles, 

 chiefly of nummulitic limestone. The conglomerate is unconformable to 

 the underlying clays, and may perhaps be a post-tertiary formation. 

 The " oyster rocks," or Ram Jharocha, or Andrai, small rocky islets in 



the sea, rather more than a mile north-east of 

 Oyster rocks. 



Manora point, consist of brown sandstone with 



sandy shale (Manchhar apparently) capped by the same conglomerate as 



that of Manora, but not so coarse nor quite so thick. Some oysters and 



fragments of bone were here found in the conglomerate. 



The same beds — conglomerate of post-tertiary origin resting uncon- 



formably on Manchhar sandstones — are seen at Clif- 

 Clifton. J 



ton, on the coast east of the harbour, and south 



or south-east of Karachi, the ground between Clifton and Karachi being 



alluvial. East of the town Gaj beds come in and extend nearly to the 



coast at Ghizri (Gisri) east of Clifton. 



Up the Layari water-course north of Karachi, beneath the surface 



„.,.,, accumulations of gravels and rain- wash, the post- 



Layari valley. 



tertiary conglomerate occurs as a strong compact 

 bed. From below this, Manchhar beds crop out in places, and generally 

 consist of fine and soft light-grey or pale-brown sandstone, with an 

 efflorescence of salt on damp surfaces. Farther to the north are mounds 

 or hillocks, 30 to 40 feet high, of the same soft sandstone, with a thick 

 capping of the coarse post-tertiary conglomerate, which, however, is here 

 not compact, but loosely cemented. Between the conglomerate and the 

 Manchhar beds is a powdery deposit, having some resemblance to dry 

 pipe clay in appearance, and containing small concretionary nodules. 



The Manchhar beds north and north-east of Karachi occupy a consi- 



Manchhar beds north derable area : they are much obscured by surface 

 and north-east of Kara- 

 chi. gravels and post-tertiary conglomerates, and they 



( 186 ) 



