GEOLOGY. 23 



Range and all the formations above it up to the carboniferous are absent 

 at Kalabagh, and there is but one place far away in the Khasor range, 

 near Saiduwali, where a group answering in position and appearance to 

 this purple sandstone has been observed. This group had begun to 

 assume a capricious distribution for a long distance from the Indus east- 

 ward ; its disappearance at Kalabagh is involved in the mysterious absence 

 of so many groups of the Salt Range series at that singular place, and 

 its re-appearance so far to the southward at Saiduwali may indicate the 

 main direction of its development. 



In several places along the Khasor escarpment coming out from 



beneath the carboniferous limestones, &c, are cer- 

 Subcarboniferous. 



tain red, earthy, boulder beds containing a variety 



of red granitic and other well-rounded crystalline blocks, some of them 



polished and scored as if by the agency of ice. Exactly similar beds to 



these, in the western Salt Range sections northward of Musa Khel, take 



the place of the purple sandstone, but whether most connected with the 



superior or inferior palaeozoic groups it is hardly possible to say. In this 



trans-Indus district the red boulder group is accompanied by gypsum 



layers, some of them containing small bipyramidal quartz prisms, the same 



as those found in the gypsum of the saline series at Mari, opposite to 



Kalabagh ; and near Saiduwali a great thickness of gypsum and dolomite 



underlies the boulder beds, being itself underlaid by the purple sandstone 



above mentioned. 



The mesozoic formations seen in the western Salt Range are all 



represented trans-Indus, and one new formation 

 Mesozoic formations. . 



appears. The triassic group has the same charac- 

 teristic aspect and about the same general thickness, but the Jurassic for- 

 mation becomes largely increased, forming as to bulk the most important 

 member, perhaps, of the trans-Indus series. The new group of sandstones 



which at Chichali overlies a blackish bed con- 

 Cretaceous. 



taining Ammonites and Belemnites of cretaceous 



species (Waagen) also increases in thickness to the west and south- 

 westward. 



( 233 ) 



