GEOLOGY. 31 



accompanies the latter here, and it shows the same characteristic thin-bed- 

 ded gray limestone and greenish gray shales or clays by means of which it 

 was first distinguished in the west Salt Range sections. Its Ceratites are 

 in some places numerous, in others large, and its whole aspect is that 

 which it presents on the other side of the Indus, without any strongly 

 marked line of stratigraphic demarkation separating it from the palseo- 

 zoic beds. 



7. The Jurassic formation, — These rocks have here a somewhat differ- 

 ent appearance from that which they present in the west Salt Range, yet 

 the likeness is so strong they could not be readily mistaken. They have 

 increased largely in thickness, and their lower arenaceous and uppermost 

 calcareous portions of that region have now separated into distinct zones, 

 most clearly marked in the westerly sections. In these the lower part of 

 the formation is chiefly made up of variegated, soft, red and white sand- 

 stone, with gray and coaly shales and numerous obscure remains of woody 

 plants, while the upper consists of variously light-coloured and generally 

 thin-bedded limestones, full of marine fossil shells, both divisions contain- 

 ing bands of magnesian limestone, and sometimes the peculiar golden 

 oolite found in Kach, as well as in the Salt Range and in the Chichali 

 pass and recorded also in European Jurassic rocks. 



The highest band of this group is one of nearly black, tough, sandy 

 clay or earthy sandstone containing Belemnites, Ammonites, 8fc., among 

 which in some places (Chichali pass for instance) a cretaceous (neocomi- 

 an) Ammonite occurs in the upper part of the zone. Similar dark beds 

 containing apparently Jurassic fossils only, or chiefly, recur at Shekh 

 Budm in situations which render it doubtful whether there are not more 

 bands than one of the same nature in this formation. The whole group 

 is one of the most largely developed of the local series, having an esti- 

 mated maximum thickness of quite 1,500 feet. The formation is sup- 

 posed to be connected with that of Kach 1 . 



8. The cretaceous group. — Rocks of this age were first recognised 

 by Dr. Waagen at Chichali pass in consequence of the occurrence of a 

 1 Waagen : Pal. Ind., Scries IX, p. 236. 



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