GEOLOGY. 33 



the series is that of the more argillaceous and sandy portion of the up- 

 permost eocene rocks. 



The eocene formation is locally absent at Kalabagh, but increases, 

 rapidly from tne Kalabagh hills westward, till at the great cliffs of the 

 Maidan range it attains a thickness of at least 1,500 feet and perhaps 

 even more. Beyond this range the formation is unknown among the 

 hills on the Punjab side of the present frontier in this neighbourhood. 



10. The Murree [or Nahan ?) beds of the Salt Range region are only 

 feebly represented trans-Indus. Among the disturbed strata of the Kala- 

 bagh hills there are some red and purple rocks of the usual aspect of those 

 next succeeding the greenish sandstones with reptilian remains, which 

 rest upon the eocene limestones in the Salt Range. Further westward 

 a narrow band of red clays may be seen between the nummulitic beds 

 and the Siwalik rocks, being reduced to merely a few feet at the 

 last exposure of the limestones west of Isa Khel. Red clays of similar 

 appearance are often seen close to the base of the tertiary sandstones 

 overlying the older rocks of the Khasor range, but it is not possi- 

 ble to identify a disconnected band of such clays with any particular 

 zone of the tertiary sandstone series where the succession is known to be 

 interrupted and no fixed tertiary horizon exists near it. 



11. The Siwalik group of this district occupies a great portion of the 

 mountains, following the outcrop of the older rocks. Towards the In- 

 dus, rocks having the normal appearance of the rapidly alternating red- 

 clays and gray sandstones of the lower Siwalik beds, are seen in the Lun 

 nala, overlaid eastward by the massive sandstones of the inaccessible 

 Dangot cliffs in thick beds mostly without clays, which gradually pass 

 upwards by pebbly alternations into the conglomerates of Makad, of 

 the Lakargarh mountains, of the north of the Shmgarh and west of 

 the Maidan ranges. 



The conglomerates, which are composed of crystalline boulders from 



the Himalayan chain, are most largely developed near the Indus, the early 



channel of this river having afforded the detritus a passage southward. 



Where the conglomerates are poorly represented further from this stream, 



c ( 213 ) 



