NEIGHBOURHOOD OF KaLABaGH. 43 



One great master-fault has been said to run along the Lun and Mari 

 valleys ; if it could be assumed that the older members of the series are 

 buried by this fault, then the ground to the westward would much 

 resemble the usual state of the southern Salt Kange hill-sides, Against 

 this, however, the fault referred to appears to have no such great down- 

 throw as would conceal the whole series, the absence of which, along the 

 fault, is more probable also from this exposing a limited contact of the 

 salt-marl and salt with the tertiary beds, where the latter are rather reg- 

 ularly and very largely exposed, 12 miles from the Indus, at the head of 

 the Lun valley. In this Lun valley there are detached masses of the 

 carboniferous and nummulitic groups, the former being about 20 feet 

 wide. Both masses seem to be associated with the portion of the great 

 Indus system of fractures which longitudinally traverses this glen, but 

 even this fragmentary evidence of the presence of the middle portion of 

 the series is wanting at the head of the valley. The map used at the 

 time they were observed (several years since) cannot now be found, so 

 that their exact position in the one accompanying this paper is slightly 

 doubtful. 



From the above observations it appears possible that deposition of 

 most of the older palaeozoic beds, superior to the salt-marl, may have been 

 suppressed in this neighbourhood, also that the series, so far as repre- 

 sented, has suffered enormous dislocation. This dislocation alone, 

 however, is scarcely sufficient to account for the condition of the 

 ground without the aid of denudation to remove most of the disjointed 

 masses. 



We accordingly find that great denudation of the local carboniferous 

 and eocene limestones and other beds has resulted in the production of 

 the post-tertiary conglomerates, but this denudation, so far as any evidence 

 from detrital deposits, was not of earlier date than post-Siwalik. 



In the section represented in fig. 1, at page 46, the rocks of the 

 Siwalik series (No. 7) to the west are supplied from some distance; the 

 other groups follow as shown, but the carboniferous and triassic are 

 introduced from the next glen to the south. 



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