48 WYNNE : TRANS-INDUS EXTENSION OP THE PUNJAB SALT RANGE. 



which elsewhere intervene at this horizon between the limestone and 

 sandstone. 



The mountains to the northward, culminating at Prangzai Sir (4,797 

 feet), are composed of the bulky Siwalik deposits. 

 Scarcely less than 15,000 or 17,000 feet are ex- 

 posed, and probably a good deal in excess of this amount concealed. 

 This result is arrived at from calculating their dip for 8 miles, at only 

 25°, to the northward, while it seems to slope at a higher angle. 



Westward of Chichali the crest of the range bends slightly to the 

 north, having an open plateau-like space near the summit, on which is 

 one of the mountain hamlets dotted over this wild country. A number 

 of abrupt broken spurs branch to the southward, intersected by deep and 

 often, very narrow ravines. The upper part of the section continues 

 the same ; the spurs are largely formed of Jurassic beds, probably slipped 

 from above. 



About a mile west of Chapari village the tertiary beds are interrupted 

 West of Chapari vil- a ^ the ^ 00 ^ °^ the escarpment, and a small anticli- 

 la S e - nal fold brings up the Ceratite marls. A little 



way above them, in the base of the Jurassic variegated group, is a thick 

 zone of dolomitic and splintery, gray and yellow, sometimes cherty lime- 

 stone ; some of the layers in which have semi-oolitic parts approaching the 

 golden-oolite character ; and others are crinoidal ; sandy flagstones also 

 occur in the zone. To this the great mass of the variegated beds suc- 

 ceeds, some of the sandstones being very white, covered with a white and 

 yellow efflorescence, and so soft and tender from the presence of salts that 

 they fall to powder. The whole group presents a rapidly varying suc- 

 cession of such beds as these, with dark gray and mottled, reddish and 

 gray clays, 1 thin-bedded limestones as usual forming a tolerably distinct 

 sub-division at the top of the group. Near the mouth of the Spelagazun 

 gorge the thick dolomitic zone is bent into an arch, bringing up the car- 



1 The exposures of the carboniferous and triassic beds along the foot of the range 

 here are very local. My guide did not know which was the " Pilawan," and although I 

 must have been close to it, this exposure escaped my observation. 



( 258 ) 



