MARWAT AND KHASOR HILLS. 59 



In the next has to the southward these beds are seen to undulate, and 

 a group of gray and white sands appears below them, underlaid by green- 

 ish muddy lithographic textured limestones and green shales, beneath 

 which comes a great mass of magnesian limestone, greenish-gray shales, 

 and thin limestones, irregularly deposited. Some of these limestones are 

 dark and splintery, and the more shaly parts include whitish, flaggy, and 

 sandstone layers. This lower part of the group may be from 150 to 200 

 feet thick. A sketch section through the north end of the Khasor range 

 is given in fig. 6 at page 58. 



About 2^ miles from Kundal, to the south, up the course of 



the Basti algad, in which the conglomerate is 

 Asphalte locality. , 



seen at the base of the Siwahk rocks, a petroleum 



or asphalte locality occurs. The stream in this valley is saline ; but this 



would seem to arise from its being rather a concentrated solution of the 



reh or haller salts than from its connection with any deposit of rock salt. 1 



The water in the more stagnant pools leaves the usual black and white 



precipitates observable at the sulphur springs of the country. 



The oil locality is situated in a small tributary nala on the western 

 slope of the limestone range. Approaching it a higher portion of the 

 basal conglomerate is passed, this bed containing fewer limestone pebbles, 

 and those chiefly of carboniferous or triassic origin, but none enclosing 

 nummulites that I could find. Most of them are of quartz, quartzite, red 

 and purple sandstone, chert, yellowish and red granitic and other crystal- 

 ine rocks, and the fragments are larger than in the conglomerate nearer 

 the mouth of the valley, which is on a lower horizon by about 30 feet, 

 the intervening space being occupied by red clays. 



At the base of this lower conglomerace there are some layers of hard 

 rusty-looking sandy limestone, parts of which seem to have been broken 

 up and slightly shifted in the conglomerate as a matrix; but none of the 

 rounded pebbles are exactly like this rock. 



1 Salt springs are said to issue from the variegated rocks of the opposite side of the 

 range described in the preceding paragraphs. They are mentioned Loth by Fleming and 

 Verchere. 



( 269 ) 



