82 WYNNE : TRANS-INDUS EXTENSION OE THE PUNJAB SALT RANGE. 



in two or three places totally and sharply interrupted by cross-faults, 

 probably more the result of partial landslips in consequence of the torrential 

 action of the stream than anything else. 



There are some patches of the dark uppermost Jurassic zone, ap- 

 parently left by the weathering and denudation of the ground, scattered 

 over the arched surface of the anticlinal here, and a similar sort of 

 exposure occurs near a fine tank on the small plateau above the cliffs, 

 traversed by the Pariala road. This is one of the fossil localities of the 

 hill. 



To the westward along the line of the Chunda bluffs the cliffs on 

 the south of the ridge are very fine. They are 

 formed at the crest and for many hundred feet 

 downwards by the Jurassic limestones. Their height must be great, 

 particularly beneath the peak called Gugu-ka-Chuka, to judge from the 

 time occupied in the descent of the cliff by a large herd of Markhor going 

 at full speed and jumping from ledge to ledge ; some of the latter are 30 

 to 50 feet apart, and the rocky wall so perpendicular that no other kind 

 of four-footed animal could have attempted to descend. No heights for 

 these commanding points are marked upon the maps. 



Beyond this towards Chunda the path is very difficult. One must 

 either follow the very crest of the ridge formed by the limestones, here 

 dipping at nearly 40° into the Hasham ravine, or descend into the ravine 

 itself, for at the place called the Jangla the cliffs are inaccessible and the 

 whole northern side of the mountain is formed for long distances of the 

 surface of a single sloping bed of rock too smooth and too steep to afford 

 a foothold except to the Markhor and Oorial, nearly always to be found 

 there. 



To the south of the ridge here the variegated group is well exposed 



South of the Jangla u pon the spurs in the Wazirwal tanga or kas ; 



rid S e - while to the north of the ridge the 150 to 170 feet 



of soft sandstones interposed between the Jurassic and Siwalik rocks are 



Supra-Jurassic beds at to be seen following the strike of both of these 



Pezu ascent. formations, but interrupted in a singular manner in 



( 292 ) 



