CONTENTS. V 



Page. 

 The Liguitic forniaiion — Continued. 



Remarks on the species of the fourth group 390 



$ 3. Descriptiou of species 391 



Species of the first group 391 



Species of the second group 406 



Species of the third group 408 



§ 4. Climate of the American Tertiary as represented in its flora •. 419 



Report ou the vertebrate paleontology of Colorado. By Edward D. Cope, A. M. 427 



Chapter I. Introduction , 429 ; 



Chapter II. The Cretaceous period 431 



Section I. On the mutual relations of the Cretaceous and Tertiary forma- 

 tions of the West. .: 431 ' 



Section II. The Vertebrata of the Fort Union Cretaceous of Colorado 444 



Appendix. Descriptions of new mollusks from Cretaceous beds of Colorado, 



by T. A. Conrad 455 



Chapter III. The Eocene period 456 



Chapter IV. The Miocene period 461 



Chapter V. The Loup Fork epoch 518 



Appendix 533 



PART III.— ZOOLOGY. 



1. Report of Lieut. W. L. Carpenter on the collections made by him in 1873, 



while connected with the United States geological survey 537 



2. Destruction of Pine- timber in tho Rocky Mountains. By Lieut. W. L. Car- 



. penter, U. S. A 538 



3. Report on the Alpine Insect-fauna of Colorado. By Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, 



U. S. A 539 



4. List of species of Butterflies collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, U. S. A., 



for the United States geological survey of Colorado, 1873. By W. H. 

 Edwards 54^ 



5. On the geographical distribution of the Moths of Colorado. [Figs. 1-15.] By 



A. S. Packard, jr., M. D.. 543 



6. Report on the Diptera collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter in Colorado during 



the summer of 1873. ByC. R. Osten Sacken 561 



7. Notice on the Galls collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter. By C. R. Osten 



Sacken 567 



8. List of species of Coleoptera collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, U. S. A., 



for the United States geological survey of Colorado, 1873. By Henry 

 Ulke... 567 



9. Report on the Pseudo-Neuroptera and Neuroptera collected by Lieut. W. L. 



Carpenter in 1873 in Colorado. By Dr. H. A. Hagen 571 



10. Report on the Myriopods collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, iu 1873, in Colo- 



rado. By A. S. Packard, jr., M. D 607 



11. Report on the Amphipod Crustaceans. By S. I. Smith 608 



12. Description of a Lernsean Crustacean (Achiheres Carpenteri) obtained by Lieut. 



W. L. Carpenter, in 1873, in Colorado. By A. S. Packard, jr., M. D 612 



13. Synopsis of tho fresh-water Phyllopod Crustacea of North America. By A. S. 



Packard, jr., M. D 613 



14. List of leeches collected by Hayden's expedition, 1873. By A. E. Verrill 623 



15. List of terrestrial mollusks collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, U. S. A., for 



the United States geological survey of Colorado, 1873. By William G. 

 Binney 623 



PART IV.— GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY. 



Sketch of the methods of survey in the geographical department. By James T. 



Gardner, geographer 627 



The elevation of certain datum-points on the great lakes and rivers and in the 



Rocky Mountains. By James T. Gardner, geographer 629 



Introduction 629 



Discussion of evidence of the altitudes of various points in the United States 



and Canada 633 



The elevation of Lake Ontario 633 



Elevation of Bufllilo, Cleveland directrix, and mean surface of Lake Erie 634 



From mean tide New York Bay to the Chicago directrix 640 



Elevation of Chicago directrix by G. T. R. W. of Canada and M, C. R R.. 641 



Elevation of Memphis, Tenu 642 



Memphis to Chicago 642 



Results by M. & O. R. K. preliminary, compared with adopted levels 643 



Elevation of Cincinnati city base, whicli is standard low water in Ohio 



River, G'i.nO feet b(;l<iw H. W. 18:52 , 644 



