170 GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY OF THE TERKITORIES. 



What appeared to indicate unconformability occurred at one other 

 point. Leaving the Hot Springs and following the road southeastward, 

 we pass over a gentle saddle, having the breccia palisades on the left, 

 and the lignitic rising to LIV on the right, and proceed on to where the 

 road first enters the portion of the park that we have been considering. 

 Standing upon the outcropping ridge of Cretaceous quartzites, E, before 

 described, and looking southwestward, there lies on the left a hilly region, 

 apparently of the metainorphic rocks, and upon the right the flattish 

 valley occupied mainly by terraced lake-beds. Across the line of vision 

 extends the ridge on the northern end of which station LIV stands. 

 From the station the top of the ridge lowers very slightly in going south 

 in a long convex curve, rising in about six miles to a somewhat higher 

 point. The whole ease face of this ridge is steep, and shows the edges 

 of the lignitic beds which compose it, and which dip, like the top, very 

 gently south at the north end and north at the south end. 



At the small notch which ends this part of the ridge at the south, 

 the contour of the ridge changes, and all the rest of the way on up to 

 lilount Byers, of which it is a continuation and spur, it appears to be of 

 the metamorphic rocks. In the line of vision, however, at the base of 

 this ridge, and near where the lignitic appears to rest on the metamor- 

 phic, is a small ridge like the ridge E, and apparently of the same rock 

 outcropped in the same manner. If so, the Cretaceous quartzite would 

 here also pass unconformably beneath the but slightly-disturbed lignitic 

 beds. I have already expressed the uncertainty of the nature of the 

 hills lying southeast of the point last mentioned and E, and border- 

 ing the west side of the Frazier basin. Some ridges here are not decid- 

 edly of metamorphic outline, but may contain patches of the Cretaceous 

 quartzites with which, as before remarked, the contour of the spurs would 

 indicate that they were once all covered. 



In the low region near the point of the breccia " spoon," and near E, 

 are a few small hills or ridges of doleritic lava, like that composing the 

 breccia bed. They appear irregular in their mode of occurrence, not 

 bedded, but more like dikes. Precisely the same lava has been men- 

 tioned as occurring on the summit of the Cretaceous quartzites in sections 

 C, D, and E. It would appear as if these were quite likely the points of 

 outlet for the material which composes the breccia bed ; that above them 

 at the then surface of the country were actual rents, possibly volcanoes, 

 from which issued the lava and ash and breccia which now lie between 

 the Cretaceous and lignitic beds. If so, these rents have been most 

 completely swept away by erosion, part of which quite probably taking 

 place immediately after the deposition of the main portion of the bed, 

 and before covered with the lignitic beds, for some of the lower lignitic 

 beds in the breccia " spoon " contain volcanic debris along with their 

 usual metamorphic constituents. Moreover, the breccia thins in going 

 northward, the thickness where it crosses Willow Creek being less than 

 where it crosses the Grand. 



WILLIAMS RIVER VALLEY. 



From the western side of the lignitic portion of the LIV ridge, its 

 indistinctly-terraced spurs appear to break off indefinitely into the val- 

 ley of Williams Eiver, but whether the beds dip gently down beneath 

 the lake-beds, which occupy all the lower parts of this valley, was not 

 ascertained. 



The Grand, after cutting an irregular canon through the flat-surfaced 

 granite mass below the Hot Springs, enters this lake-bed region about 



