^^,,^-] GEOLOGY FONTAINE QUI BOUILE, 207 



canon "whicli it has cut in the granite. Near the head of the creek we 

 again meet with the sedimentary formations, having a dip to the north 

 and northwest. Following the beds to the northward, the dip turns more 

 and more to the west. The northerly dip is, therefore, the result of the 

 elevation of the mass of which Pike's Peak is the center. Leaving the 

 Fontaine, we cross to the head of Trout Creek, the branches of which 

 drain the country to the northwest of Pike, and, flowing northward 

 through Bergen Park, empty into the South Platte in the canon. At 

 the extreme head the creek is among granites and schists. Just above 

 Bergen Park the main stream flows through a small caiion, in which we 

 have outcrops of a dark purplish red sandstone, seemingly very much 

 metamorphosed, and having a dip to the east. Just above this is a soft, 

 grayish sandstone, on top of which is a red sandstone like that beneath. 

 These outcrops are indistinct, and the angle of dip could not be ascer- 

 tained. Emerging from this canon we come out into an open valley, in 

 which there is a small settlement clustered about a saw-miil. The rocks 

 are all covered with debris, and the eastern side is so heavily timbered 

 that little can be seen. As we approach the range to the eastward we 

 will doubtless find the same beds that we see so well exposed to the north- 

 ward with a westerly dip. At the lower end of the valley the creek enters 

 a canon, of about a mile and a half in length, in the granites, from which 

 it flows into Bergen Park. The park is about eight miles in length, and 

 will average about three in width. It is, I think, the axis of a synclinal 

 fold, although I cannot be positive, as everything on the western side 

 is so much obscured. The beds seen in the small canon referred to 

 above dipping to the east, and a few indefinite exposures farther south 

 seeming to dip in the same direction, point toward the existence of a 

 synclinal fold, the center of which is filled with red sandstones, (Triassic.) 

 Through this park the creek flows in a direction a little west of north. 

 At the lower end we have monument-like masses of red standstonc re- 

 sembling those seen east of the mountains. These red-beds have a 

 westerly dip, and incline at very low angles, not exceeding 10° to 15°. 

 At the lower end of the park the creek enters a caiion-like valley, 

 which is about a quarter of a mile in width. At the entrance to this 

 valley there are on either side the massive red sandstones which on the 

 west side rise in high bluffs. On the east side the surface of the country 

 is more rounded and smoothed off", while we have numerous canons cut 

 by the streams that drain the western side of the Front range. Fol- 

 lowing up the first small creek that joins the main stream after it en- 

 ters the valley, we observe that the red-beds become lighter and lighter 

 in color until they are pink. They are also conglomeritic. These lower 

 layers are followed by massive white limestone ; this limestone is suc- 

 ceeded by white and pink shaly limestones, which are superimposed on 

 sandstones that rest on the granite. 



The following is a section from the red-beds down. The thicknesses 

 are estimated : 



1. Eed beds. 



2. Ked and pink conglomeritic sandstone 50 feet. 



3. White massive limestone \ ^oq feet 



4. Shaly white limestone i 



5. Pink limestone, somewhat shaly 30 feet. 



6. Green sandstone - 4 feet. 



7. Brown purplish sandstone feet. 



8. Yellow sandstone. 



9. Granite. 



