LESQUEEEUX.. 



PALEONTOLOGY LIGNITIC FLORA, ETC. 383 



J. Sraithsoniana, Lesqs. — E., G. 



J. Scbimperi, Lesqx. — G., M., (Gr. 4.) 



J. rbamnoides, Lesqs. — G., B. B., (Gr. 2.) 



J. Baltica (?) Heer.— B. B.— Mo. 



Cercis eocenica, Lesqx. — M. 



Pbyllites truucatus, Lesqx. — Miss. 



P. Mahoniaiformis, Heer. — V. 



Oarpolitbes palmarum, Lesqx. — B. B., G., E., (Gr. 2.) 



C. falcatus, Lesqx, — B. B. 



C. spiralis, Lesqx. — P. 



C. compositus, Lesqx. — P. 



C. Mexicanus, Lesqx. — P. 



EEZ.IARKS ON THE SPECIES OF THE FIRST GEOUP. 



lu looking for tbe species wbicb cbaracterize essentially tbis group, 

 and may be considered as leading species of tbe Lower Lignitic, we bave 

 first to eliminate tbose wbicb, as omnipresent Tertiary species, are about 

 equally distributed in at least tbree stages of tbe Tertiary measures. 

 Tbey are considered as typical for tbe wbole epocb, but cannot be 

 taken as cbaracteristic of any of its subdivisions, no more in tbis 

 country tban in Europe, wbere tbey bave tbe same general distribution. 

 Among tbem we count : Sequoia Langsdorji, Phragmitea CEningensis, 

 Arundo Gcep2^€rti, Flatanus Guillehnce, Ficus tilicefoUa, Ginnamojnum 

 Scheuchzeri, Bhamnus recthiervis, Juglans rugosa and tbe closely allied 

 Jiiglans acuminata. Cinnamomun Sclieuchzeri bas not been yet discovered 

 in tbe Lower Lignitic, but bas been recently found in tbe Cretaceous 

 strata of tbe Dakota group. Of tbe species as yet known only from 

 American specimens, tbe ones more generally recognized at different 

 localities of tbe Eocene Lignitic, are : All tbe fucoidal or marine remains 

 of lilants, especially Halimenites major ; and in tbe otber classes: Abie- 

 tites duhius^ most of tbe species of Sahal and Flahellaria, especially 

 S.. Camphellii, S. Grayana ; Gauliniies sparganioides, Fopulus ononodon, 

 Myrica Torreyi, Quercus crassinervis, Ficus planicostata and its varieties, 

 Ficus auriculata, Flatanus Haydenii, P. Faynoldsi, Laurus pedata, 

 Cinnamomum Mississippiense, Viburoium marginatum, Y. dicJiotomumi 

 Cissus lobato crenata, Magnolia Hilgardiana, M. Lesleyana, Sapindiis 

 caudatusj Faliurus zizyplioides, Geanothus Jibrillosus, Bhamnu's obovatus, 

 B. salicifolius, B. Goldiamis, B. Gleburni, Juglans SmitJisoniana, and J. 

 Bhamnoides. To tbis list, already numerous, we bave to add tbe 

 European species of tbe Lower Tertiary, recognized in tbe same circum- 

 stances as tbe former, Flabellaria latania, F. longirachis, Quercus cJiloro- 

 pliylla, Q. angustiloba, and tbose wbicb bave been already compared to 

 Eocene species of Europe, and found identical and closely allied to tbem. 

 Tbese, bowever, bave a less extensive distribution tban tbose mentioned 

 above, not only considering tbe borizontal but also tbe vertical distribu- 

 tion. l!y"one of tbem bas been seen at a bigber stage of tbe American 

 Tertiary, wbile of tbe otbers, Halimenites major, Gatilinites Spar- 

 ganioides, Ginnamomum Mississippiense, Gissus lobato-crenata, Magnolia 

 Hilgardiana, Bhamnus obovatus, ascend up to tbe second group. Even 

 tbe four first species named above bave representatives in tbe tbird 

 division of tbe Tertiary. 



In considering tbe species of tbe wbole list in regard to tbeir vertical 

 distribution, we find 25 species, or 13 per cent., represented in botb 

 groups 1 and 2 ; 11 species, or 6 per cent., ascend to group 3, and 

 only 5, or 2J j)er cent., to the upper division. Of tbese, Pteris pen- 

 nceformis, Fagus feronice, and Juglans Scliimperi bave not as yet been 



