Book of Gardens 



125 



THE PESTS AS THEY APPEAR 



Insect or 

 Disease 



Identification 



When to Look For 



Attacks 



Control 



IN THE VEGETABLE GARDEN 



Cut-worms 



Aphis or "plant 

 louse" 



Potato beetle 



Flea beetle 



White grub 



Root maggot 



Corn borer 



Cucumber beetle 



Squash bug 

 ("stink" bug) 



White fly 



Thrip 



Asparagus beetle 

 Melon louse 



Onion thrip 



Tomato worm 

 Rust 



Mildew 



Blight 



Leaf spot or rot 



Sluggish, fat, brown soil worm, ^4" to 



2" long with stripe along side; works 



at night. 

 Small, green or black, soft bodied flies 



about iV" long, congregating in large 



numbers. 

 Common striped beetle or bug ^" long. 



Minute, black, active jumping beetle. 



Large, soft, white, repulsive grub or 

 worm, feeding on roots under ground; 

 ^^" to 1J4" long. 



Small white worm or grub J^" to Yi" 

 long. 



White, smooth borer, 1" to 1 J4" long. 

 Second brood in early fall. 



Small, very active, black and yellow 

 striped beetle, Yz" or so long. 



Dull black, flat, very active beetle with 

 long legs, often moving backwards or 

 sideways when disturbed; Y^" to H" 

 long. 



Minute, tenacious, white winged fly, 

 congregating in large numbers until 

 disturbed. 



Very minute, cause yellowish appear- 

 ance or twisted leaves. 



Active, yellow spotted beetle. Y2 " long. 



Small green aphis. See Aphis. 



Minute, active, whitish insect barely 

 visible to the naked eye, lodging espe- 

 cially down between leaves. 



Large, green horned worm, often sev- 

 eral inches long. 



"Rusting" ' or yellowing of foliage or 

 stalks. 



Whitish coating or spotting of the foli- 

 age, spreading rapidly. 



Usually a yellowing or spotting of the 

 leaves, progressing very rapidly. 



Spots in leaves, stems, or fruit turning 

 brown or black. 



Through season, mostly April to June, 

 cutting off young plants and seed- 

 lings. Dig around cut-off plant. 



Throughout season, especially on half- 

 grown plants and in dry weather on 

 under side of leaves. 



Through season, first on earliest sprout- 

 ing potatoes; three broods. 



Mostly in May and June on seedlings; 

 leaves punctured. 



Through season; especially numerous in 

 newly plowed sod ground and moist 

 places. 



Through season; first indication wilting 

 of plants without apparent cause. 



Moths appear in May. caterpillars soon 

 after. 



Through season, especially as vines be- 

 gin to run, and in dry weather. 



Usually appears first late in June, re- 

 maining until cold weather. Young 

 hatched from brown eggs on under 

 side of leaves; resemble large aphis. 



Through warm season, especially under 

 dry or overcrowded conditions; prev- 

 alent in frames or greenhouses. 



Throughout season, especially on neg- 

 lected or backward plants. 



June-Aug., especially on new growth. 



Throughout season, usually first in May 

 or June; leaves curl up abnormally. 



Through season, especially June to Au- 

 gust ; onion tops twisted and curled, 

 permaturely yellow. 



From mid-summer to early fall ; strips 

 foliage clean, conspicuous inroads. 



Through season, especially late June to 

 August. 



Favoring conditions same as for blight; 



also crowded foliage. 

 Throughout season, especially in muggy 



weather and low, closed places. 

 Throughout season, especially in warm 



weather after rainy spells. 



Especially cabbage, 

 cauliflower and to- 

 mato plants. 



Cabbage., cauliflower, 

 lettuce, peas, etc. 



Potatoes, egg - plants, 

 tomatoes. 



Potatoes, tomato, cab- 

 bage group, turnips. 



Strawberries especial- 

 ly; also corn, po- 

 tatoes, etc. 



Onions, cabbage, cau- 

 liflower, turnips, etc. 



Corn, chard, beets, 



etc. Lives over on 



burdock, etc. 

 Cucumbers, melons 



and vine crops. 

 Squash, pumpkins 



and other vine 



crops. 



Tomato, cucumber, 

 etc. 



Onions and leeks. 



Asparagus foliage. 



Melons, cucumbers 

 and other curcu- 

 bits; strawberries. 



Onions and leeks. 



Tomato and tobacco 

 mostly. 



Various vegetables, 

 especially celery, 

 beans, asparagus. 



Cucumbers, melons, 

 lima beans, etc. 



Potatoes, beans, cel- 

 ery, cucumber, etc. 



Tomatoes, beans and 

 many others. 



Poison bait before planting, and give plants pro- 

 tection with 4" paper bands 1" in soil; also hand 

 picking. 



Contact spray, two or three applications, at inter- 

 vals of a week or ten days, especially against 

 under side of foliage, and on folding leaves. 



Spray or dust with arsenate of lead or Paris green; 

 hand picked from egg-plant. 



Bordeaux mixture and arsenate of lead; tobacco 

 dust on seedlings. 



Plowing late in fall ; summer following ; trapping 

 adults (May beetles) ; destroying grubs and re- 

 setting affected plants. 



Protect cabbage group with tarred paper guards; 

 poison paper for adult flies before laying eggs; 

 burn infested plants. 



Keep garden surroundings clean; burn old stalks, 

 weeds, etc., in fall. 



Arsenate of lead with Bordeaux mixture. Screen 

 young plants and sprinkle with tobacco dust. 



Trap old bug under shingles and destroy; spray 

 young with nicotine or kerosene emulsion; screen 

 young plants. 



Spray with nicotine or kerosene emulsion for 

 young, which resemble lice on under sides of 

 leaves; tobacco dust as a repellent. 



Thorough, forceful spraying with kerosene emul- 

 sion or with nicotine. 



Arsenate of lead; cut and burn stalks in fall. 



Carefully remove, bury or burn infested parts of 

 plants; spray as for aphis. 



Nicotine spray forcibly applied; kerosene emulsion. 



Arsenate of lead; hand picking into can or pail, 

 and late fall plowing. 



Avoid working when foliage is wet; successive 

 spraying with Bordeaux. On maturing celery 

 use ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate. 



Spray with Bordeaux every week or ten days. 



Spray with Bordeaux at or before first signs and 

 repeat frequently to keep all growth covered. 



Bordeaux mixture, removing surplus foliage, and 

 in the case of fruits that touch. 



IN THE FRUIT GARDEN 



Scale, San Jose 



Scale, oyster shell 



Apple aphis 

 Scab, apple 



Caterpillar, tent 



Bud moth 

 Currant worm 

 Coddling moth 



Canker worm 

 Blister mite 

 Curculio 



Leaf hopper 

 Rot. black 



Minute, yellowish, sucking insects cov- 

 ered with small shell or scale, the size 

 of a pin-head ; presence indicated by 

 gray scurvy appearance of bark, and 

 minute red rimmed spots on fruit. 



Dark brown scale like elongated oyster 

 shell about Vs" in length, the young 

 resembling active whitish lice. 



Bright green aphis. 



Causes dark colored spots on leaves or 

 fruit. 



Striped caterpillars in large masses in 

 webs or "tents." 



Light brown caterpillar, head and legs 

 dark. 



Green worm with black spots about 1" 

 long. 



The "mother" of wormy apples; moth is 

 small and chocolate colored ; worm 

 hatches on the outside, usually in blos- 

 som end, and eats in ; about 1 VV' long. 



A "measuring worm," 1" or more in 

 length. 



Small mite causing leaf blisters turning 

 from light green to red and brown 



Small, grayish beetle, A" to about J4" 

 long. Back mottled black and white ; 

 has a conspicuous "snout." 



Small, slim, yellowish hoppers with blunt 

 heads. 



Fruits turn purplish brown and become 

 shriveled. 



Throughout season ; multiplies with ex- 

 traordinary rapidity. 



Throughout season, young hatching in 

 May or early June. 



Tliroughout season, especially on the 

 sides of new leaves. 



Throughout season, spreads most dur- 

 ing spring. 



Early in spring; "tents" at first in- 

 conspicuous, gradually enlarged. 



Early in spring before buds open. 



Before blossoms open, usually first on 



lower leaves. 

 In spring and early summer. 



May and June. 



Throughout season. 



In early summer when fruits are be- 

 ginning to form; another generation 

 in August. 



Through season, indicated by leaves 

 turning brown and drying up; "hop- 

 pers" working on the under side. 



Summer; especially after wet weather 

 and where tall weeds or grass are left 

 near the vines. 



Apple and other fruit 

 trees. 



Apple and other fruit 

 trees. 



Apples. peaches, 



plums. 

 Apple and pear. 



Apple, clierry, 

 other trees. 



and 



Especially apple buds. 



Currant and goose- 

 berry. 

 Apple. 



Apple. 



Pear and apple. 



Injures young fruits 

 by puncturing them 

 to eat and lay eggs; 

 apples, peach, plum. 



Apple and grapes. 



Grapes. 



Dormant sprays in early spring or fall, using lime 

 sulphur, miscible oil or kerosene emulsion. 



Same as for San Jose; also nicotine or kerosene 

 emulsion as soon as young hatch. 



Dormant spray before leaves come out; nicotine 



spray on young foliage. 

 Spray with lime sulphur before blossoms open, 



after blossoms fall, and two weeks later; burn 



leaves and twigs in fall. 

 Destroy egg masses in winter; wipe out tents as 



soon as visible with kerosene smudge in spring. 



Arsenate of lead spray for matured worms. 

 Arsenate of lead when leaves appear, before buds 



open. 

 Spray with arsenate of lead until fruit forms; 



after that, hellebore. 

 Spray with arsenate of lead just before petals fall, 



before calix closes; ten days later and again in 



about four weeks; band trunks during July. 



Arsenate of lead, when worms appear; band trunks 

 in March or early April. 



Strong miscible oil or kerosene emulsion spray; 

 just before leaves come out and again in fall. 



Spray with lime sulphur and strong arsenate of 

 lead; for best results jar trees every cool morn- 

 ing, and catch beetles on sheet spread beneath. 



Spray under side of leaves with strong kerosene 

 emulsion. 



Spray with Bordeaux till mid-July; then ammoni- 

 acal solution copper carbonate; for few vines 

 bunches may be covered with paper bags ; dor- 

 mant spray with lime sulphur or miscible oil; 

 gather fallen fruit and burn. 



IN THE FLOWER GARDEN 



Aphis (plant 

 louse) 



Mealy bug 



Rose beetle 



Leaf spot; rust 

 Mildew 



Aster beetle 



Similar to those attacking vegetables 

 described above. 



Small, soft-bodied insect covered with 



small cotton-like specks. 



Yellowish, active, crawling beetle Y2" 

 or more long with lon^ hooked legs. 



See above. 



Powdery, dirty white deposit on leaves. 



Active, long-legged beetle, Y^" to ^" 

 in length, eating flowers and foliage. 



See aphis above. Where foliage is thick, 

 in axils of leaves or growing tips. 



Congregate in leaf axils throughout sea- 

 son ; most likely on neglected plants 

 in frames or on porches. 



Throughout season, especially May to 

 July, when plants are in bloom. 



Throughout season. 



Through season, especially after sudden 

 changes in temperature. 



Appears in numbers, August and Sep- 

 tember. 



Roses, sweet peas and 

 most soft-wooded 

 plants. 



Soft-wooded plants 

 and new growth on 

 some hard-wooded 

 plants such as 

 fuchsias. 



Roses mostly. 



Asters, carnations, etc. 

 Roses and some 



others. 

 Asters preferably, and 



some other flowers. 



Nicotine spray; kerosene emulsion. 



Nicotine spray or paint with strong kerosene emul- 

 sion, alcohol. 



Arsenate of lead or Paris green extra strong; hand 

 picking into kerosene and water most effective. 



Spray with Bordeaux. Keep new growth covered. 



Prune infected parts; dust with flowers of sul- 

 phur; thin sufficiently for free circulation of air. 



Strong arsenate of lead spray; knock bugs in early 

 morning into can of kerosene and water. 



