106 THE 
GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[JULY 25, 1874, 
es ote rp and the Juniper; Erica arborea forms 
a good-sized bush; Cytisus =e Bonny grows side by 
side with our common Broem, recalling Virgil’s 
allusion— 
——‘ Cytisum lotosque frequentes,” 
Cistuses of various species abound, particularly C. 
salviæfolius ; nirp ums, Anthericu s Mu 
ep ; and, among Orchids, 
rece up grandly amid others o 
such as eae 
tis, yarieette 
pot enact era grandiflora, C. ensifolia, Limod 
abortivum, &e. 
Een Spam a — m id yo sory calli) are 
peers ye orence are 
in the Genoese Rivi paLa w Ba i ache the 
Olive will thrive on sterile rocky soil where other 
crops would be likely to fail. 
“ Difficiles primum terre, vee Ft mielii; 
Tenuis ubi a et dum sis calculis arvis 
Palladia gaudent silva vikáeiā s olivæ.” 
“ And first the churlish soils and crabbe 
(A lean argill 
, where scattered shingle rolls), 
iese blands mi and c 
The tough- Olive to Minerva dear.” 
R. D. Blackmore's Translation of the Georgics. 
The produce of the Olive must be abunda 
judge from the huge oil-jars of i Lege h 
stock the spa o cellars of the man 
jars must be lineal descendants of tho ose i A WARR 
the iry! thieves of the Arabian led 
bts 
better, but the form and design are far in advance of 
we are in the i 
we say ? iy the A EA ae an 
lamps used 
their form ooo pa d Roman times. 
shallow casks one the, wine wih deeply pro- 
jecting rims are also made after the old 
rom these casks 
** Florence flasks ” of coarse aye covere 
ne. No cork or stopper is used, but in place a tea 
nful of oil is poured into the neck of the flask, 
s the ai The oil is easily removed whe 
desired pets nserting a small plug tton ie he 
absorb it. In ay yey ihe visitor sees dray 
OWS C i ese flasks into the towns ‘hot = 
barr onveyin: 
daily consumption of ae ogap tag 
the mod 
s of roving se s A arch it is 
Pea that the quality of e will be improved. 
The varieties chiefly n rin this dient” are the 
Beet, San ios eee n d Canai : ae 
appears il er ollowed here with 
regard to landlords bourers is very similar to 
French poe The landlord provides 
f the TE pportion 
the share o proprietor and labourer respecti ively. 
E ca ana might be raised to this system— 
is much must 
: < Besa, le ind wal Slt a under the cir. 
5 and that the labour rer is much better 
found all these r 
s countiyif only 
reel oe oc xy seems 
this more probable. Witch aporiaan . 
recruit the severe 
government, and time 
exhaustion of former 
times, italy must once again 
take her place of the 
min of man in all that the wealth of Nature and the 
can produce. = epis of the latter to 
avail himself of natural adva: tint gorea 
his pov of supplying or compensa or natural 
eye thus realising the sayin pees What mind 
when Nature’s self would fail,” 
A we have mentioned M. E. Fenzi’s name, we 
must not omit to allude in grateful terms to the zeal 
and energy he showed as one of the Sacis to the 
— Florence Exhibition, and agi -= great courtesy 
he ested to strangers. er has ags 
ren to remember the kiadasa koka him on this 
occasio: 
THE FARM. 
RAPE. —The different varieties of Rape which have 
found ae with the are perhaps only forms 
of Brassica campestris, rons under different names, 
has ies sion from the borders of fields and waste 
places throughout Europe and Russian Asia. 
Several sorts are in cultivation, as dwarf Rape, 
giant Rape, for feed ; and for oil Coleseed and Colza. 
as the 
ned. 
en used to mend up the 
Turnip and other root crops, eeakog tee like sheep feed 
may be ultimately expected. Even up to this present 
time S carefully winter- 
cultivated soil on utterly failed ; iti is stoð late to sow 
again, and even Turnips of any valaé may be expected 
to be a failure at this season, Well, this field will be 
followed with Barley, and we should therefore get a 
bite of some sort to fold the sheep thereon before 
ploughing up for the grain. 
sorry that, as in ordina ry seasons, we have, used e 
re a Cal x 
r >` r Y J Jr UE I sent 
1 a7 +h 7 ee mh fe TE MER L 1 a9 
falas in LUG LUUL' TIUS Aa 
work, so that we ae now no fine Kape, but according 
we sh 
have to pd more mar our late Rape than förmer: 
In s wing Ra r a self crop we usually drill it 
in rows 18 i inches Gat, and then one hoeing by way 
of rough regulation ; and this, succeeded by horse- 
hoeing, is all that it requires. 
e usually employ our early Rape the moment 
its outer leaves begin to succumb to hot weather, by 
folding sheep upon it. The later Rape is used as 
occasion may require, and from this latter crop we 
have adopted a plan of securing a quantity of early 
spring feed that we have found so useful as to induce 
it. 
i dt 
green tops removed for ees or cattle ; ; the ace are 
then lifted, and after the roots have been a little 
trimmed they may be planted in some convenient plot 
tee 
of ground not wanted for Barley, plant in rows 
18 inches apart, and place the sets 1 foot apart in the 
rows, and from this we have usually obtained in 
a spring a mass of fresh vegetable growth which 
can nen be employed as sweet greens (and they 
meet with a ready sale at market), or they throw Bes 
nutritious food 
be Rr A highly 
Or the v: vale ob figs sas arc plant for aed 
may be assured from the followin 
rks by I Dr. Voelcker. He says :—*‘ Green Ra en 3 
is is rich i in flesh-forming constituents, as well as fatty 
matters ; it ought, therefore, to bea valuable feeding 
substance ; and ience S , that 
green Rape is given with much advantage to fattening 
It contains about as much of protein com- 
pounds as Cabbage, but is MAN richer in fatty 
matters than this or any ot other plant which is used as 
food for animals.” e have indeed in practice 
o be verified, and 
Wise culy Rape fe off in the feld we have 
be an good 
rapidly upon benk es ‘and this for so long a time . 
first hearts-in. We feel convinced that this Plant, 
topped for the winter, and used as feed, would 
send up a larger supply of green food in spring hero 
any other we have tried, and in order to test 
have an acre now sown to test its value; as 
the weather has been all against it, 
so for some time, 
fancy it 
therefore, i ie our trials‘are completed, refer to oth 
subject agai be 
Dry SUMMERS.—The unusual drought 
present summer leads one naturally to look RF 
search of parallel seasons. en said 
o 
# 
not to- 
present genera summer of 1868 
rae care R no ‘heat and drought. The mont 
July was notable for continuous dry weather, 
i eat hea 
among us, rae: it fad con; 
owing to the great hea 
attained remarkable size and vigo vigour, and si 
taken for a mosquito, b 
by gen mosquitos: A 
was the early and abundantharvest of W. 
rich and deep soils. I 
a i 
ceased, a prediction eminently falsified in 
was the wettest season on record. 
