34 Transactions. — Zoology. 
that out of about 650 European Tortricina only about a dozen, or two per 
cent. possess this structure ; though in Australia the proportion is sixteen 
per cent. and in New Zealand thirty-six per cent. 
The New Zealand Tortricina are of a very fragmentary sort; even those 
that are congeneric are very rarely at all closely allied specifically. The 
fauna certainly strikes one as not having been developed on the spot from a 
few types, but as being the broken remains of a much more extensive one ; 
though it might possibly have been derived by scanty immigration from 
different sides. Unfortunately there is practically little or nothing known 
of the South American Tortricina, nor of those of the South Pacific Islands. 
The affinity with Australia is, however, clear. 
The Tortricide are represented by 11 genera; of these 4 are cosmo- 
politan, 4 Australian, and 8 (so far as known) endemic. Of the cosmopolitan 
genera, the single species of Capua, and three species of Tortrix, are closely 
allied to Australian forms. Two, however, of the endemic genera, Viz., 
Prothelymna and Eurythecta, are widely remote from any known Australian 
genera. The entire absence of Teras and Sciaphila, a marked characteristic 
of Australia, is here equally noticeable. Hight genera of Grapholithide 
occur; but of these, two are not indigenous ; and a third, Strepsiceros, 18 
represented only by two species, which both also occur in Australia, being 
the only two Tortricina apparently native to both countries. As this genus 
is considerably developed in Australia, of which it is peculiarily character- 
istic, and as there are no known species peculiar to New Zealand, I am 
disposed to think that both of these must have been in some way artificially 
introduced.* Of the remaining five genera, four are isolated and endemic, 
containing each a single species, three of them having some apparent 
affinity with Strepsiceros; the fifth, Pedisca, is the solitary representative 
of the large group of genera closely allied to Grapholitha, dominant in 
Europe and North America, but absent from Australia, so that this species 
is locally quite isolated. The Conchylide are represented by only one 
genus, found also in Australia, and of a group characteristically Australian ; 
there are structural reasons for supposing this genus to be one of the oldest 
types of its family. On the whole, therefore, it will be seen that the fauna 
is distinctly Australian in character, with some few curious and at present 
inexplicable exceptions. 
* With regard to the introduction of the two species of Strepsiceros here mentioned, 
I may suggest that it is sometimes stated, (I know not with what truth), that the leaves 
that the plant was equally common in New Zealand, might have brought a supply of 
branches with them. S. ejectana is so abundant near Sydney, that a small consignment 
of these could hardly fail to introduce it successfully. 
