846 Transactions.— Botany. 
Cabbage-tree Swamp, Auckland. 
This fresh-water deposit has also been put into my hands, and samples 
have found their way to England, but, as before, I take my list of species 
from Professor Hutton’s MSS. notes :— 
Achnanthidium inflata. 
Eunotia (Amphicampa) eruca. ~ 
a (Himantidium) bidens. 
arcus. 
i » diodon. 
Pinnularia major. 
A interrupta. 
5 radiosa. 
Epithemia turgida. 
Art. XLIII.—On the Lichenographia of New Zealand. 
By Cngazrzs Knieut, F.R.C.S. 
[Read before the Wellington Philosophical Society, 28th February, 1883.] 
Plates XXXV.-XXXVIII. 
Ix continuing my papers on the Lichenographia of New Zealand, I wish to 
make the following remarks :— 
In respect of the Arthonie. The leading characters of this genus, as 
given by Leighton in 8rd. ed. of Lichen Flora, are :—‘‘ Asci pyriform in 
excavations of the sub-gelatinous hymenium; paraphyses mone." The term 
“ excavations” is not a happy one, but let that pass. Nylander seems to 
avoid committing himself to an unqualified statement of character, and 
instead of ** paraphyses none," limits himself merely to the terms “ para- 
physibus discretis nullis." In reference to the above, I have already, in a 
paper on the lichens of New South Wales, called attention to the remark 
of Professor J. Müller, of Geneva (Flora, 11th April, 1879), where he states 
that paraphyses are always present in the Arthonie. This assertion of 
Müller needs qualification. In those Arthonia where the lamina sporigera 
is said to be grumose or homogeno-grumose, there exists in most cases no 
trace whatever of paraphyses or of stratification,—the structure is confused, 
cellular, or even granular. In others, where the lamina sporigera is said to 
be floccose, the structure is really clathrato-ramose, and is mostly con- 
densed and rendered columnar in appearance by the pressure of the growing 
asci, as is seen in A. globuloseformis, Hepp, A. lurida, Ach., A. kempel- 
huberi, Mass., etc. Again in others distinct filaments can be traced, knit 
together in a more or less open network, as in 4. gregaria, Ach., A. 
swartziana, Ach., A. oleandri, ete., and also as in most of the species of 
