364 Transactions.— Geology. 
continuously. Prior to 1865, however, 7 tons of manufactured plumbago 
from Pakawau, Nelson, valued at £1,400, were exported, but the trade has 
not been continued. 
The first mention of its occurrence in New Zealand is by Dr. v. Hochs- 
tetter (New Zealand, 1863, p. 477, Eng. Ed.) where he says,—': The Bros. 
Curtis, in 1861, opened extensive beds of plumbago near Pakawau." Dr. 
Hector also (Jurors' Rep. N. Z. Ex., 1865, pp. 94 and 417) mentions its 
occurrence at Pakawau, near Collingwood, as thick beds interstratified with 
metamorphosed shale. Compressed samples were found to be quite equal 
in colour and brilliancy to that commonly sold in paper packets for domestic 
purposes. Analyses of these samples showed that they contained :— 
(2.) (3.) 
Carbon es 31-60 30-03 58:10 
Water EN 2:00 1:85 2:68 
Ao. 60 68-62 39-22 
100-00 100:00 
He, also, in the same report (p. 267), mentions its occurrence as scales in 
the marble of the West Coast, and Mr. J. C. Crawford (Essay on the 
Geology of the Wellington Province, p. 5) says,—* Thin seams of an 
impure graphite are found at a great variety of places :—on the Pitone 
Road, near Wellington; at the Mungaroa Hill; at various points on the 
Rimutaka Mountains ; in the mountain part of the valley of the Waiohine; 
the Waingawa and the Ruamahunga; in the Waikanae, the Akaterewa 
and partieularly in the upper part of the Otaki Valley." Dr. Hector 
(Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. ii., p. 979) again refers to the deposit of plumbago 
at Pakawau, stating that it has probably been derived from an altered por- 
tion of a coal seam; and (Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. x., p. 490) Prof. Liversidge 
also mentions the occurrence of graphite at Few's Creek, Lake Wakatipu, 
and Dunstan, Otago—both samples being of an impure nature. 
During 1878 a sample of graphite shale was forwarded to the Colonial 
Museum by the Hon. Mr. Acland, as coming from the Malvern Hills; in 1871 
samples were forwarded from Wakamarama by Mr. A. J. Burne, which 
contained from 81:14 to 22-59 per cent. of carbon; in 1876 a graphitic 
sandstone was forwarded from Jackson's Bay by the Hon. J. A. Bonar, con- 
taining 10°42 per cent. of carbon; and in 1878 Mr. McKay collected a very 
pure sample of graphite, from the Glossopteris beds of Mt. Potts, which con- 
tained 90°17 per cent. of carbon, the colour of the ash being reddish. 
** Although so rich in carbon, it has not that unctuousness which distin- 
guishes the more valuable graphites, but appears indurated and granular 
defects which must depreciate its value very considerably,” (Lab. Rep. 
xiii, p. 22), : 
