Cox.—On the Mineralogy of New Zealand. 865 
During the same year another sample of graphite was forwarded by Mr. 
Beere from the vicinity of Wellington, in which the percentage of carbon 
was 66°71; and Mr. P. C. Cheal also forwarded a very pure sample of 
graphite from Waiokura Creek, Waimate, Taranaki, the specimen having 
been found in the bed of a creek. In 1879 Mr. W. Docherty forwarded 
specimens of mica schist from Dusky Sound, in which scales of graphite 
were found ; and in 1880 Mr. C. W. Tripp sent samples of graphite slate 
from the Orari Gorge, which contained 20:62 per cent. of carbon. 
The only samples of this mineral which merit special description are 
those from Pakawau, Mount Potts, and Waiokura Creek. 
Graphite.—Pakawau. Compact, with lamellar and petaloidal structure ; 
requires purification to render it of commercial value (Liversidge, Trans. 
N.Z. Inst., vol. x., p. 490); it is more or less schistose, and varies a good 
deal as regards purity. : 
Graphite.—Mt. Potts. Finely laminated ; black and shining; powder 
soft, soiling the fingers ; hardness about 1, but including small grains which 
are harder. Does not feel greasy to the touch. Appears to be an interme- 
diate form between anthracite and graphite. 
Graphite.— Waiokura Creek. A solid compact homogeneous form, 
separated in distinct laminz about 4; inch thick with siliceous partings at 
places. Hardness a little over 1. Colour iron-black with black and 
shining streaks. Mark on paper corresponds with H. pencil. Has only 
been found as isolated boulders, the enclosing rock being unknown. It is 
an extremely valuable form of this mineral. 
Coal.—This mineral is widely distributed throughout New Zealand, but 
samples from different localities vary greatly in their composition and value 
as fuel. In 1866 Dr. Hector (First General Coal Report) divided these 
into Hydrous and Anhydrous coals, or those which still contain a large 
percentage of water chemically combined with them, and those which we 
may assume to have been deprived of that water by a chemical change, 
which, in some cases, may have been induced by causes operating feebly 
throughout lengthened periods, or, in others, has been rapidly effected on 
more modern deposits of carbon, under circumstances which favoured a 
more energetic action. The large number of analyses which were subse- 
quently made of the different classes of coals, together with a careful study 
of their prevailing characteristics, rendered it necessary to further subdivide 
them, and in 1872 Dr. Hector (Geological Reports, 1871-72, p. 172) pro- 
posed the following classification, which has proved so satisfactory that I 
cannot do better than adopt it in my present paper :— 
I. Hxpmovs (coal containing 10 to 20 per cent. of permanent water.) 
a. Lignite.—Shows distinct woody structure; laminated or shows that 
structure on desiccation ; very absorbent of water. 
