62 Transactions.— Miscellaneous. 
Nga toro i rangi in the canoe Arawa, and his taumata near Taupo is still 
pointed out. But at a very early date he or his immediate descendants 
must have left that locality, and travelled south. Separated by the stormy 
straits of Raukawa from their countrymen, Waitaha were long left in the 
enjoyment of peace and plenty, and as a consequence rapidly inereased, till 
as the natives say “ they covered the land like ants." The size of the pas, 
and the extent of the kitchen middens along the coast attributed to them, 
afford conclusive evidence as to their numbers. At Mairangi and Kapuka- 
riki (Cust) the remains of a walled pa extending for about three miles along 
the downs, existed till the settlement of Europeans in that locality. Wiremu 
te Uki, Henare Pereita and others, who frequented the place to gather the 
stems of the cabbage-palm,—which grew luxuriantly there in “ soil enriched 
by the fat of man "—for making kauru, a favourite article of food—assert 
that twenty years ago, the broad outer ditch of the pa could be seen, and 
that from the bottom of it to the top of the bank was about seven feet, and 
that at regular intervals along the wall there were openings showing plainly 
where the gates had been. They recollected old men saying that these gates 
were known to have had names which were now forgotten. Te Wai 
manongia and his son Tauhanga ahu are said to have ruled these pas at the 
time that they were destroyed by Ngatimamoe. 
Bome time before the Ngatimamoe invasion, about the year 1550 as near 
as we can guess, there lived on the banks of the Rakaia a chief named Tute- 
waimate, regarding whom a story worth recording has reached us. Moko, 
a robber chieftain, had fixed his stronghold on the Waipara, the choice of 
the spot being determined by the existence of a cave in close proximity to 
the highway, along which a regular trade was carried on up and down the 
coast ; the preserved mutton-birds, dried fish, and kauru from the south 
being exchanged for preserved forest-birds, mats, etc., from the north. 
Moko was in the habit of robbing and murdering any small parties of 
carriers who might venture too near to him, and he might have continued 
to do so without molestation, as the carriers were for the most part slaves, 
whose death was not worth avenging, had he not been so unfortunate as to 
kill a near relation of the great Tutewaimate. This chief, already smarting 
under previous losses of property, was exasperated beyond all endurance by 
the murder of his kinsman, and summoned his tribe to destroy Moko and 
his band. The people responded in such numbers to his call, that when 
they started on their march, the dust they raised resembled the smoke of a 
great fire on the plains, and their spears darkened the sky. Leaving the 
bulk of his forces at Kapukariki, Tutewaimate pushed on early one 
morning with a few ehosen warriors to Moko's stronghold. He found the 
pec quite unprepared for an attack, all the men except Moko being away. 
