Newman.— Notes on the Physiology and Anatomy of the Tuatara. 233 
The liver is a most curiously elaborated body. It consists of thin 
right and left lobes, and a part at right angles to these. The right lobe is 
thin with very irregular margins about one-and-a-half inches long. The 
left lobe stretches for half-an-inch to the left, at right angles to the central 
and spinal lobes. The left lobe is thin; its free portion terminates by 
shooting forwards a large portion. At the junction of the right and left 
lobes is an extremely irregular lobular body projecting backwards to the 
spine, and attached to the vertebral column by thin lateral ligaments. 
That portion of the liver which is nearest to the pelvis is attached to the 
pelvis by a long and strong ligament formed of peritoneum. 
The liver is of a speckled yellow and slate colour. Günther says the 
bridge between the two portions of the liver erosses the lower surface of the 
posterior part of the stomach. His specimens were all males. In mine 
the eggs pushed baekwards the stomach and the liver forwards, thus widely 
separating them. In my first specimen, in which the eggs were very large, 
the liver was much smaller than the other, and flattened against the 
abdominal ribs by the eggs. 
Gall-bladder would hold a small pea; it contained a very small quantity 
of glairy fluid and some coagulated yellow material. Its walls are composed 
of thick white dense tissue ; its duct is very short, and its walls thick. The 
branches of the portal vein are easily seen. The pharyngeal cavity is very 
large and very irregular in shape: its walls are thin. On the lower side 
it is closely attached to the trachea, by the depression of which the 
cavity is enlarged. The cesophagus is wide; its coats thicken near the 
opening into the stomach, and many rugose folds appear. Stomach small, 
with thick walls, passes almost insensibly into duoderum and small intestine, 
which are very short. The small intestine, with but two slight turns, runs 
straight down the abdomen to the cloaca. Longitudinal folds of the walls 
` project into the cavity, beginning in the esophagus, and continue through 
the stomach nearly down to the pelvis. The ileum and jejunum were filled 
with soft greenish material. The stomach is long and narrow, except where 
the longitudinal folds occur its surface is smooth. 
Heart small, base very broad, apex very pointed. site sign externally 
of division into ventricles. The cavity is remarkably small, situated quite 
at the base and not extending near to the apex: there is but one cavity, 
there being no dividing material. The tissue of the ventricles is paler and 
smoother than that of the auricles, which is firmer, of a dark-red colour, 
and appears more cellular when divided. The ventricle is slightly over- 
 lapped at the base by the auricles. The right is larger than the left auricle. 
The heart is invested by a firm, closely-adhering pericardium. 
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