832 Transactions.—Zootogy. 
With the last-mentioned specimen I was able to compare the skull of a 
young ealf of Eubalena australis, the complete skeleton being in the College 
of Surgeons Museum, London, and 12 feet in total length, the skull measur- 
ing 86 inches, and the difference in the eranial characters of the two species 
is found to be quite as obvious as in the more fully developed skulls.' The 
general outline of the two skulls at once distinguishes them. In Neobalena 
the greatest width is across the hinder border which is also concaye in 
outline, owing to the projection backwards and outwards of the exoccipitals 
and squamosals, whereas in Eubalena the greatest width 4s across the. 
orbital plates of the frontals, so that the posterior half of the skull is convex 
in outline. : 
In Neobalena the skull is less arched, the length being four times the 
height of the arch between the glenoid processes and the tip of the beak, and 
the supra-occipital is a narrow bone with a strong median ridge extending 
forwards for half the total length of the skull; but in the young Eubalena 
the height is equal to two-fifths the length, and the supra-occipital has a 
circular outline, is flat, and extends over only one-fourth of the arch of the 
skull. 
It is obvious that even at the earliest age these crania present marked 
differences, while the divergence exhibited in the other osteologieal cha- 
racters is still more striking. Thus comparing the complete skeleton of 
Neobalena, 14 feet 6 inches in length, with Eubalgna, we have— 
Neobalena. Eubalena. 
Cervicals : ed v n Yd 
Dorsals  .. ay s. 15 ee IB 
Lumbars .. a » vi Z = 12 
Caudals (with chevrons).. 6 um i 5.10 
» (without chevrons) 10 a es pe 
44 59 
In Neobalena the scapula is nearly twice as wide as high with strong 
coracoid and acromion processes, almost as in Balanoptera. In Eubalena, 
on the contrary, the scapula is high and narrow and with only one feeble 
process. In the form of the vertebre, sternal apparatus, and especially in 
the quality and proportional dimensions of the baleen, Neobalena has some 
affinity with the right-whale ( Mysticete) of the Arctic Seas, and it is not 
unlikely that it may, be a species abounding in the unexplored seas of far 
southern latitudes, where it may attain to a large size, only stragglers 
occasionally reaching to the latitude of New Zealand and Australia. In these 
seas the normal representative of the Balenide is Eubalena australis, just as 
in the northern hemisphere Eubalena biscayensis in the temperate latitudes 
of the Atlantic, and E. japonica, of the Pacific, replace the Mysticete of the 
