xii TABLE OF CONTENTS 



CHAPTER V 



Cell Aggreg.»tion, Differentiation, Division of Labor 84 



From single roll to colony — The linear colony — Dendritic colonies — Spheroid 

 colonies — Differentiation — Definitions — Organization — Analogy from indus- 

 trial organization — Animal organizations — Organization in simple metazoa — 

 'Tissues, organs, systems — Colony formation in metazoa — Colonies in 

 Hydrozoa and corals — Colony formation in Siphonophora — Colonies in other 

 metazoa — Origin of colony formation — References. 



CHAPTER VI 



Morphology of Higher Types 105 



Symmetry — Bilateral symmetry — Radial symmetry — Universal symmetry — 

 Asymmetry — Symmetry and locomotion — Metamerism — Internal organiza- 

 tion — Occurrence and function of epithelium — Types of epithelium — Glands 

 — Sustentative tissues — Contractile tissues — Muscle — Nervous tissue — Orga- 

 nology — Coelenteron — Coelom — Simplest digestive apparatus — Digestive sys- 

 tems in the invertebrates — Digestive systems in the vertebrates — Conditions 

 necessitating respiratory system — Types of respiratory system — Tracheae 

 — Gills — Lungs — Accessory respiratory organs — Relation to circulation — 

 Circulatory system — Chambers of the heart and course of circulation — 

 Lymphatic system — Excretory system — Nephridia — Kidneys — Sexual or 

 genital system — Systems with accessories — Highly complex reproductive 

 systems in invertebrates — Urinogenital systems — Locomotor system — Levers 

 in invertebrates — Skeleton of vertebrates — Axial skeleton — Parts of appen- 

 dicular skeleton — Nervous system — Degrees of centralization in nervous sys- 

 tems — Concentrated system of vertebrates — Neurons — References. 



CHAPTER VII 



PHY8ioLf)f;Y OF Organs 143 



Organ physiology rests upon cell physiology — Digestion in man — Secretin — 

 Pancreatic juice — The secretion of the liver — The intestinal secretion — 

 Digestion in large intestine — Assimilation — Absorption — Synthesis of 

 absorbed substances — Respiration — Respiratory movements not respiration 

 — Mechanism of oxygen collection and transportation — Physical theory of 

 respiration — External and internal respiration — Excretion — Carbon dioxide 

 elimination — Elimination of water — Nitrogen elimination — Relation of 

 the structure of the kidney to excretion — Theories of urine elimination — 

 Secretion — The process of secretion — Mode of discharge — Glands of internal 

 secretion — Diversity of glandular secretions — Muscular contraction — Muscle 

 — Theory of muscular contraction — Nervous control — Unit of structure of 

 nervous system — The reflex arc — Reflex actions — Functions of the spinal 

 cord — Functions of the cerebrum — Functions of the cerebellum — P\inctions 

 of the medulla oblongata — Important nerves not discussed — Functions of the 

 sympathetic or autonomic nervous system — Sensory nerve endings — Organs 

 ot special sense — References. 



