432 



INDEX 



Parasite, defined, 278; kinds of, 279 



Parasitic worms, classified, 272, 274; 

 copulation of, 193 



Parasitism, 275, 277, 278; external, 279; 

 internal, 279 



Parathyroid, 226 



Parental care, 198, 201, 205; in aquatic 

 animals, 204, 205; in birds, 201; in 

 fishes, 201, 204; in invertebrates, 

 201; in kangaroos, 201; in land ani- 

 mals, 204, 205; in mammals, 201; in 

 marsupials, 201; in opossums, 201; 

 in oviparous forms, 201; in relation 

 to amphibious habits, 204; in rela- 

 tion to birth stages, 204; in reptiles, 

 201; in sea urchins, 198; in starfishes, 

 198; in viviparous forms, 201 



Parthenogenesis, 180, 181, 186, 237; in 

 ants, 181; in aphids, 181; artificial, 

 186-187; in bees, 181; in Coccida^, 

 181; in Crustacea, 181 ; in Hymenop- 

 tera, 181; life histories involving, 

 181; in plant lice, 181; in rotifers, 

 181 ; in thrips, 181 ; in Thysanoptera, 

 181; in wasps, 181 



Parthenogenetic agents, 187 



Parthenogenetic ova, 182 



Parthenogonidia, 90, 91 



Partial dominance, 244 



Partridges, birth stages in, 201 



Passeriformes, classified, 271 



Pasteur, Louis, 166, 167 



Paternal chromosomes, 210, 211, 241 



Pauropoda, classified, 270 



Pea comb, 362 



Pectinibranchia, classified, 269 



Pectoral girdle, 137, 138 



Pedipalpi, classified, 270 



Pelecypoda, classified, 269, 273 



Pellicle, 29, 30, 32, 42 



Pelvic girdle, 137 



Penial pouch, 129, 130 



Penis, 129, 130, 133 



Pennatvdacea, classified, 269 



Pepsin, 56; action of, 144 



Pepsinogen, action of, 144 



Peptic enzymes, 56 



Peptones, 144, 145, 146 



Peranema, flagellum of, 155 



Pericardial chamber, 228 



Perigordmus serpens, 106 



Peripatus, classified, 273 



Perisarc, 97 



Perissodactyla, classified, 271 

 Peritoneal cavity, 115 

 Peritoneum, 115, 130, 225, 228 

 Peritricha, classified, 268 

 Permanent teeth, 323 

 Permeability, 28, 42, 47 

 Permian, in time scale, 315 

 Permian time, geography of, 352 

 Peromedusa?, classified, 269 

 Petrifaction, 312 

 Petromyzontia, classified, 270 

 Piialanges, 138, 139 

 Phalangidea classified, 270 

 Phanerocephala, classified, 269 

 Pharynx, 103, 116, 117, 121, 169, 226, 



227; course of water through, 227; of 



earthworm, 119 

 Philosophic Zoologique (Lamarck), 21 

 Pholidota, classified, 271 

 Phoronidea, classified, 270, 274 

 Phosphates, excretion of, 150 

 Photosynthesis, 49, 50, 58 

 Phototaxis, 285 

 Phototropism, 285 

 Phyllopoda, classified, 270 

 Phylum, in taxonomy, 263, 264 

 Physalia, 99, 100 



"Physical conditions, changes in, 305 

 Physics of protoplasm, 38 

 Physiology, 2, 6, 12, 24, 27, 28, 29, 43; 



of ceils, 42, 43-69; of organs, 143- 



164; in taxonomy, 268 

 Physiology of organisms, 275; affected 



by environment, 276; relation to ec- 

 ology, 288 

 Phytogeography, 6 

 "Piltdown man, 336 

 Pine marten, range of, 292 

 Pink eye color in Drosophila, 361 

 Pipe-fish, egg carrying in, 201; pouch in, 



201 

 Pisces, classified, 270, 273 

 Piscivorous animals, 280 

 Pithecanthropus erectus, 336, 337 

 Pituitary gland, 154 

 Placenta, 195; capillaries of, 196; fetal, 



196; maternal, 196; oxygen in, 195; 



in shark, 197 

 Planaria, classified, 272 

 Plant cell, in demonstration of osmosis, 



45 

 Plant lice, 181; enslaved by ants, 280; 



viviparity in, 195 



11 



