438 



INDEX 



Stratum corneum, 110 



Streaming, of protoplasm, 60, 61 



Stroptoneura, classified, 269 



Striated muscle, 112; minute structure, 

 - in fossils, 312 



Structural formulas, 39 



Structure of heart, 123-125 



Struggle for existence, 22, 341, 359, 

 360 



Struthioniformes, classified, 271 



Stylonychia, 62, 63, 107, 172 



Stylonychia mytilus, 171 



Subclass, in taxonomy, 263, 264 



Subesophageal ganglion, 140 



Subfamily, formation of names of, 265; 

 in taxonomy, 265 



Subgenus, in taxonomy, 263, 264 



Sub-intestinal vessel, of earthworm, 119 



Sub-neural vessel, of earthworm, 119 



Suborder, in taxonomy, 263, 264 



Subphylum, in taxonomy, 263, 264 



Subspecies, in taxonomj', 263, 264 



Succession of associations, 287 



Succus entericus, 146 



Suctoria, classified, 268 



Suctorial disks an adaptation, 276 



Sugar, absorption of, 144; digestion of, 

 in mouth, 143; digestion of, in small 

 intestine, 146. (See also Glucose, 

 Maltose, etc.) 



Sulphates, excretion of, 150 



Supraesophageal ganglion, 140; of earth- 

 worm, 119 



Surface phenomena, 37, 46 



Surface tension, 33, 40, 62 



Survival, 345; of the fittest, 8 



Sustentative tissues, 108, 112 



Sutures, 331; of cephalopods, 330 



Swale-fiy, 232 



Swammerdam, 14 



Swamp wallaby, black, pouch in, 202 



Sweat glands, excretion in, 150, 151 



Syllis ramosa, 101, 169 



Symbiosis, 275, 277, 279 



Symbiotes, 279 



Symmetry, 105; bilateral, 105; locomo- 

 tion and, 107; radial, 105, 106; 

 universal, 106 



Sympathetic nervous sytem, 141; func- 

 tions of, 163 



Sympheidole, range of, 290 



Symphyla, classified, 270 



Synapse, 161 



Synapta, 217, 219, 220; gastrulation in, 

 22] ; larva of, 204 



Syncytium, 113 



Synthesis of absorbed substances, 147. 

 (See also Digestion.) 



Synura, 87 



Syrphid flies, mimicry, 280 



System, 95, 114; alimentary, 95; cir- 

 culatory, 114; digestive, 114; excre- 

 toiy, 114, 125-127; genital, 127-130; 

 locomotor, 114, 133; lymphatic, 125; 

 nervous, 114, 139, 140; protonephrid- 

 ial, 125; respiratory, 114; sexual, 

 114; sympathetic nervous, 141 



Systema Natura; (Linnaeus), 17, 261, 265 



Systematic zoologist, 5 



Systematic zoology (see Taxonomy) 



Systemic circulation, 124, 125 



Systems, interrelations of, 114; named, 

 114 



Tadorna, sperm of, 216 



Tadpole, 203, 204, 232 



Taenia crassicollis, 125 



Tail of sperm, 216 



Tanaidacea, classified, 270 



Tannin, 59 



Tapeworm, 184; classified, 272; figure of, 

 102 ; a parasite, 279 



Tapirs, range of, 291 



Tarsals, 138, 139, 325 



Taste, 164 



Taste buds, sensory cells of, 164 



Taxonomy, 5, 6, 260-274; analogy in, 

 266; conception of, 260; definition 

 of, 260; difficulties of, 267; ecology in, 

 267; evolution in, 266; experimental 

 breeding, 267; fossil records, 267, 

 268; geographical distribution and, 

 267, 268; homology in, 266; methods 

 of, 267; morphology in, 268; physio- 

 logy in, 268; relations of, 268 



Teeth, 117; adaptations of, 276; in camel 

 series, 329; in elephants, evoiution 

 in number, 320; of elephant series, 

 322, 323; evolution of, in horse 

 series, 324, 326; milk, 323; number 

 of, in elephant, 323 ; permanent, 323 ; 

 size of, in elephants, 320 



Teleostei, classified, 270 



Teleostomi, classified, 270, 273 



Telolecithal egg, 214, 215, 220; blastula 

 from, 219; cleavage in, 218, 219 



