HOLMES.] STONE IMPLEMENTS, ETC. 407 



Id Figures 10, 11 , and 12 1 give three specimens from the collection made 

 by Dr. Palmer in Saint George, Utah ; they have no corresponding forms 

 in our collections. 



PLATE XLVI. 



This plate contains drawings of a number of stone implements, arrow- 

 heads, ornaments, and other articles manufactured or used by the ancient 

 inhabitants of this region. Nearly all were found so associated with the 

 architectural remains that I do not hesitate to assign them to the same 

 period. 



Figure 1 represents a small fragment of rush matting, a large piece 

 of which was found on the floor of the " sixteen-windowed " cliff-houses 

 of the Eio Mancos. It was probably manufactured from a species of 

 rush, Scirpus validus, that grows somewhat plentifully along the Mancos 

 bottoms. 



Figure 2 represents a bundle of small sticks, probably used in playing 

 some game. They are nearly a foot in length, and have been sharpened 

 at one end by scraping or grinding. They were found in one of the cliff- 

 houses of the Mancos, buried beneath a pile of rubbish. The bit of cord 

 with which they are tied is made of a flax-like fibre, carefully twisted 

 and wrapped with split feathers; beside this a number of short pieces 

 of rope of different sizes were found, that in beauty and strength 

 would do credit to any people. The fibre is a little coarser and lighter 

 than flax, and was probably obtained from a species of yucca, which 

 grows everywhere in the Southwest. 



Figure 3 is a very perfect specimen of stone implement found buried 

 in a bin of charred corn in one of the Mancos cliff-houses. 



It is 8 inches in length and 2.J inches broad at the broadest part; its 

 greatest thickness is only ^ an inch. One face is slightly convex, while 

 the other is nearly flat. The sides are neatly and uniformly rounded, and 

 the edge is quite sharp. It is made of a very hard, fine-grained, sili- 

 cious slate, is gray in color, and has been ground into shape and polished 

 in a most masterly manner. Although its use is not positively determined, 

 it belongs, in all probability, to a large class of implements called celts. 

 This specimen has probably been used for scraping skins or for other 

 similar purposes, but certainly not for striking or cutting, as the mate- 

 rial is very brittle. The most conclusive proof of its use is the appear- 

 ance of the edge, which shows just such markings as would be produced 

 by rubbing or scraping a tough, sinewy surface. 



Figure 4 represents a part of a metate or millstone. The complete 

 implement consists of two parts — a large block of stone with a concave 

 surface, upon which the maize is placed, and a carefully-dressed but 

 coarse-grained slab of stone for grinding. This slab is generally from 

 8 to 12 inches long by 3 to 6 wide, and from 1 to 2 inches thick. The 

 specimen illustrated is made of black cellular basalt, and was found 

 with many others at the ruined pueblo near Ojo Caliente, Xew Mexico. 

 Fragments of these primitive mills are to be seen at nearly every ruined 

 pueblo that I have examined. 



Figure 5, a very much worn specimen of stone axe, which was found 

 at an ancient ruin near Abiquiu, New Mexico. It is made of light-col- 

 ored chloritic schist, and measures 2 inches in width by 3 in length. 



Figures G and Qa are specimens of ear-ornaments, such as are found in 

 connection with very many of the ruins of Southern Colorado. These 

 are made of fine-grained gray slate, only moderately well polished, and 

 measure an inch and a quarter in length. 



Figure 7 represents a marine shell of the genus OHvella, obtained 



