JACKSON.] EUINS OF CHACO CANON PUEBLO PINTADO. 435 



Besides the two estufas within the court, there is another just outside 

 at the southwest corner, fully 50 feet in diameter, enclosed within a rec- 

 tangle measuring 56 by 80 feet. Twenty-four feet of one end of this is 

 divided into six or seven apartments. These are exactly opposite the 

 end of the west wall, with a passage-way of about 50 feet between. In 

 the centre of this space is a depression and other indications of what 

 was probably an underground room. Besides the three circular rooms 

 just described, which were not in reality subterranean, there were 

 undoubtedly many others within the court, as already conjectured, 

 which were. These may have been simply underground work-rooms. 

 Among the Moquis it is a common practice for both men and women 

 to resort to the underground rooms or estvfas to work at their looms 

 or other similar occupation, as they are delightfully cool during the 

 hot, burning days of summer, and warm and comfortable in the 

 winter. Beneath the ground plan in Plate LY is a section through a 

 restoration of the pueblo from north to south, showing the manner in 

 which the stories were probably terraced from the interior of the court 

 outward. There is no positive evidence in any of these ruins that they 

 were thus built, but this arrangement naturally suggests itself as being 

 the only way in which light and ease of access to the inner rooms could 

 be readily obtained. It is also quite certain from the character of the 

 standing walls that they were not terraced symmetrically, but irregularly, 

 after the manner of the present pueblos. There is every reason to be- 

 lieve that the first story was in every case reached from the outside by 

 ladders, the succeeding stories being also approached from the outside, 

 either by ladders or by stone stairways, after the manner of the Moqui 

 pueblos. There is no positive evidence to sustain any conjecture upon 

 this point, as in every ruin the up]>er stories are so entirely dismantled 

 that no indications of any sort of stairway have ever been found. The 

 ground floor was divided into smaller apartments than the second 

 floor, many of the rooms, as shown in the plan, being in the lower story 

 divided into two or three. It would be impossible to say how high this 

 story had been, as the flooi* is covered to a considerable extent with 

 stones from the fallen walls. The second floor was JO feet between joists, 

 and the third somewhat less, about 7 feet, as near as we could judge 

 from below. It is probable that there was a fourth story, but there is 

 now very little evidence of it. Not a vestige of the vigas or other floor- 

 timbers now remain. Some of the lintels over the doors or windows, 

 composed of sticks of wood from 1 to 2 inches thickness, laid close 

 together, are now in fair preservation. 



Hosta states that the soldiers of Colonel Washington's command and 

 of other scouting parties caused a great deal of the present ruin by 

 pulling out the floor-timbers for their camp-fires. He also says he can 

 distinctly remember when there were a number of perfect rooms. Every 

 room had one or more apertures, in the form of small window-like door- 

 ways, the largest of which are 24 by 40 inches, leading into neighboring 

 rooms. The sills of these doors are generally about 2 feet above the 

 floor. In the west wall are several large windows looking outward from 

 the second story, and in the north wall very small ones only in the 

 second and third stories. There were a few very small apertures in the 

 first story, mere peep-holes. The walls of the first floor are 28 to 30 

 inches thick, those of each ascending story being a little less. The 

 masonry, as it is displayed in the construction of the walls, is the most 

 wonderful feature in these ancient habitations, and is in striking con- 

 trast to the careless and rude methods shown in the dwellings of the 

 present Pueblos. Those of Moqui, Taos, and probably Acoma, were in 



