jACKsoN.l RUINS OF CHACO CANON PUEBLO CHETTRO KETTLE. 439 



largest of tlie perfect rectangles. Its outside dimensions are 440 by 250 

 feet. A semicircular wall connects tbe two side wings. There are 

 seven distinctly-marked esUifas, four near the centre of the main build- 

 ing and three near the end of the west wing. Besides these there are 

 indications of others within the court but outside the building. The 

 four in the centre are built together in a solid body and project partially 

 from the main building into the court; the one on the left project- 

 ing farther than the other three, which have a row of small rooms 

 between them and the court. This left-hand estufa is also noticeable 

 from its height, rising as it does above the general level of the ruin 

 about it. It was originally divided into three stories, all above ground, 

 and the remnants by the vigas between the first and second floors still 

 remain in the wall. The three others were not so high and were prob- 

 ably not more than one full story, in height. These four averaged 22 

 feet in diameter. The other three estufas in the west wing, which are 

 much ruined, do not differ from others we have seen. The walls of the 

 pueblo at the northeast corner are fully 35 feet in height, showing four 

 floors plainly, and with indications that theie may possibly have been 

 another. Many of the floor timbers are yet in place, those that are in 

 any way protected from atmospheric changes remaining quite sound. 

 The entire series covering the rooms of the first floor project through 

 the wall and extend beyond it 4 or 5 feet. It may have supported a 

 balcony on this, the cool and shady side of the house. 



The following is a description by Simpson of a room seen by him in 

 this pueblo : " This room is 14 by 17J in plan and 10 feet in elevation. 

 It has an outside doorway 3^ feet high by 2^ wide, and one at its west 

 end leading into the adjoining room 2 feet wide, and, at present, on ac- 

 count of rubbish, only 2 J feet high. The stone walls still have theij? 

 plaster upon them, in a tolerable state of preservation. On the south 

 wall is a recess or niche, 3 feet 2 inches high, by 4 feet 5 inches wide by 

 4 feet deep. Its jjosition and size naturally suggested the idea that it 

 might have been a fireplace, but, if so, the smoke must have returned 

 to the room, as there was no chimney built for it. In addition to this 

 large recess, there were three smaller ones in the same wall. The ceil- 

 ing showed two main beams laid transversely. On these, longitudinally, 

 are a number of smaller ones in juxtaposition, the ends being tied to- 

 gether by a species of woody fibre, and the interstices' chinked in with 

 small stones. On these again, transversely, in close contact, was a kind 

 of lathing of the odor and appearance of cedar, all in a good state of 

 preservation." We did not find the room thus described, which was 

 stated to be in the northwest corner of the ruins, but we found others 

 near the centre of the north wing that were in as good a state of preser- 

 vation and to which the above description applies, with the exception 

 of some of the details. These were entered by holes that have been 

 broken in the outer wall. At one time there has been a row of windows, 

 about 24 by 40 inches in size, all along the first story. These, however, 

 had been sealed up, but as all other approaches had been cut off by the 

 great mass of fallen walls, which covered the regular approaches, some 

 of them were reopened, probably not long ago. 



The general level of the sandy surface back of this ruin was nearly up 

 to the sill of the windows and considerably above the floor of the lower 

 rooms. The soil has undoubtedly increased considerably in depth from 

 the accumulation of sifting sand and the disintegration of the high bluffs 

 of sandstone, which are within a few yards of the rear wall. Near this 

 wall a coyote hole exposed a small section of masonry below the surface, 

 a portion of a wall or something of that kind, that had become entirely 



