442 REPOET UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



and then rebuilt. The three kinds of masonary shown in plate LXIII, 

 appear at various places throughout the building, and, in addition, there 

 is considerable rough-laid plastered wall, like that which appears in 

 many of the old ruins, and which is also characteristic of all the Moqui 

 pueblos. In that part of the external wall which is now standing a 

 different method of laying the stones is observed in each story. The 

 first or lowest story is built in the manner of No. 2 ; the second as No. 

 1 ; while in the third story it is a repetition of the first. The straight 

 row across the front of the court was built almost entirely like No. 3, 

 and the buildings immediately adjoining partook of the same character. 

 Most of the interior walls, especially in the east wing and the section 

 adjoining it, were built in the manner of No. 1; but of larger stones. 

 A large number of beams of wood were used to strengthen the walls; 

 round sticks of 3 and 4 inches diameter were built into the wall trans- 

 versely, the ends trimmed off smooth and flush with the two outer sur- 

 faces, and larger timbers of from 10 to 15 feet in length and G to 8 in 

 diameter were embedded longitudinally. We observed these in the 

 outer wall only. The estufas in this ruin form an important feature, both 

 from their number, size, and the excellent manner in which most of them 

 were built. Eeferring to the plan (Plato LVIII), the first that attract our 

 attention are those in the centre, Nos. 1 and 2, which have been already 

 referred to. Neither these, nor in fact any of the others, with the excep- 

 tion probably of some of the more indistinct ones, which are indicated by 

 dotted lines, appear to have been subterranean. No. 3 is 40 feet in 

 diameter and.No. 4, 26 feet; both are considerably elevated above the 

 general surface. The masonry in the circles of these four central esUifas 

 is yet perfect around their entire circumferences, and the only others in 

 like condition are the two in the east wing, Nos. 5 and 6. Besides these 

 six, there are at least fifteen others in various degrees of demolition. Nos. 

 7, 8, and 9 are unmistakably of the same character as the preceding, 

 and also those numbered from 10 to 17 ; the last six especially, having 

 considerable portions of their cylindrical walls remaining. The remain- 

 ing ones have only great mounds of stones and earth to mark their sites. 

 The interior of the court is very uneven, there being no level ground 

 whatever. This, as in the case of the Pueblo Pintado, I think, indicates 

 that it was occupied with many subterraneam rooms. There are a number 

 of rooms, the coverings of which have resisted the great weight of 

 fallen walls, and are now in excellent preservation. These do not differ 

 materially from those already mentioned; and, as Lieutenant Simpson 

 and Dr. Hammond describe two that are in this ruin with considerable 

 minuteness, I will say but little in regard to them. In one of these, a 

 small room in the outer tier of the north side, which wo entered by a 

 small hole which had been broken through the exterior wall, we found 

 the names of Lieutenant Simpson, Mr. E. H. Keen, and one or two 

 others, with the date, August 27, 1849, scratched into the soft plastering 

 which covered the walls, the impression appearing as plainly as if done 

 but a few days previously. The pueblo was built within about 20 

 yards of the foot the bluff, but a talus of broken rock occupies all of 

 this space, excepting a narrow passage next the northern wall, through 

 which the trail passes. To the east of this are the ruins of several 

 small buildings built upon a bench close under the rocks. The bench 

 has been extended some distance by a wall of 6 or 8 feet hight, built of 

 alternating bands of large and small stones. A short distance beyond 

 is a mass of ruins measuring 135 by 75 feet, in the centre of which are 

 two circular rooms. From the east side of this a line of wall ran due 

 south about 300 feet, meeting at a right angle another wall 180 feet in 

 length, which was an extension of the south front of the i)ueblo. 



