464 EEPORT UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



Bartram* observed this game among the Creeks, and calls it " chunky- 

 yard." 



The only dances which I had an opportunity of witnessing were 

 among the Shoshonees and Coyotero Apaches. There is no peculiar 

 feature in that of the former, their style of accompaniment being the 

 same monotonous drumming and singing as witnessed among various 

 other tribes east of the Hocky Mountains. The Apache dance was the 

 occasion of a gathering for the purpose of disposing of a quantity of 

 " mezcal whisky." At this dance it was the custom for the Apache 

 maidens to go around and select their partners. When the festivities 

 had been continued until toward midnight, the dance terminated at 

 the appearance of four masked Indians entering the circle from the 

 four cardinal points and taking a "hop-around." The liquor was then 

 disposed of, when the crowd dispersed very boisterously. Subsequent 

 transactions must be omitted, although they are of ethnographic value. 

 I may here state that prostitution was formerly punished by cutting 

 off the tip of the criminal's nose.t This applies only to the female, as 

 the male was rather honored for the conquest. 



Dr. Smart, United States Army, says that he saw women who had 

 the cartilaginous portion of the nose cut off", and this was apparent only 

 amongst those who had any pretensions to beauty.f Maidens are 

 known by having some of the hair over the ears wrapped in brass 

 wire in the form of coils. This peculiar custom was also practiced 

 among various tribes southward as far as the Isthmus of Panama. 



Marriage or the selection of a bride is rather an amusing custom when 

 compared with similar usages in civilized life. Frequently one sees two 

 parallel rows of stones along prominent foot-paths or trails, which indi- 



* Bartram's Travels ia N. and S. Carolina, etc., Philadelphia, 1791 ; London, 2 vols., 

 1794 ; Paris, an. vii (2 vols). 



The Cuchanos (Yumas) also played this game, known then as mo-upp ; in Spanish, 

 redondo. <Emory'8 Report U. S. Mexican Boundary Survey, vol. i, p. 111. 



The Choctaws played the chunke game. It was called "running hard labor" by 

 eeme of the traders. <History of Alabama, etc., A. J. Pickett, Charleston, vol. i, 

 1851, pp. 141, 143. 



The Cherokees were also very fond of the chunke game. <A. J. Prickett, iMdem, 



tin his allusion to this custom as practiced by the Comanches, Gregg says: "The 

 husband seems to have complete power over the destinies of his wife and children. For 

 adultery, his punishment is most usually to cut oif the nose or ears, or both ; and he 

 may even take the life of his unfaithful wife with impunity. The squaw who has 

 been mutilated for such a course is i2iso facto divorced, and, it is said, for ever precluded 

 from marrying again." <Commerce of the Prairies, etc., New York, 1844, vol. ii, pp. 

 308, 309. 



"Las faltas conjugales no se castigan por la primaravez; pero (i la segundo el 

 maritio corta la punta de la nariz a su infiel esposa, y la despida de su lado." <Revista 

 Cientifica, vol. i, p. 57. 



[Quoted from Bancroft's Native Races (author's copy), vol. i, 1874, p. 515.] 



Mr. Gregg also states that "this custom prevails among the Creeks to the present 

 day, and was anciently practiced by other southern nations. 'Among the Miamis', says 

 Father Charlevoix, 'the husband has a right to cut off his wife's nose if she runs away 

 from him.' " Ibid., p. 308. 



Bancroft says that in Itztepec (Mexico) "the guilty woman's husband cut off her 

 «ars and nose, thus branding her as infamous for life." <Nat. Races of the Pac. States, 

 1875, vol, ii, p. 466. 



[Las Casas. Hist. Apolog^tica, MS., cap. ccxiii; Mendieta uU sup.^ 



"Among the Miztecs, when extenuating circumstances could be proved, the punish- 

 ment of death was commuted to mutilation of ears, nose, and lips." <Bancroft's Nat. 

 Races, etc., 1875, vol. ii, p. 466. 



[Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iii, lib. iii, cap. xii.] 



This practice appears also among the Indians inhabiting Florida. <Concise History 

 of East and West Florida, Captain Romans, 1775, p. 98. 



;Note3 on the "Tonto" Apaches. <Smith. Rep. 1867, pp. 417-419. 



