PACKARD.] PITCH-PINE GALL-FLY. 527 



INJURING THE PINE. , 



The PiTCH-PiNE Gall-Fly {Biplosis inni-rigidcn, n. sp.).-=^Sever^iI 

 years ago 1 observed in an isolated young pitch-pine 

 [Pinus rigida) at Brunswick, Me., that the leaves were less 

 than half as long as usual, and much swollen at their 

 base, as seen in the adjoining cut. 



These deformed needles were quite numerous on the tree, 

 and have not been previously noticed, so far as I am 

 aware. 



The larva is deep orange, wdth the breast'-bone retractile. ^^^ „ 

 The lateral region of the body is well marked, convex, and 

 the segments are short, quite convex. The larva is situated at the base 

 between the inner two of the three needles, which grow from one-third 

 to one-half of their normal length, and by the irritation set ui3 by the 

 worm the united base of the leaves swells into a bulbous expansion 

 about the size of a pea, or four times the original thickness of the 

 needle, while the third or outer leaf is sometimes not altered in size, 

 only shortened, and aborted. The bud-scales of the primary leaves are 

 burst and hang down in shreds about the bulbous swellings of the 

 secondary leaves or needles. 



The larva (found September 22) does not apparently bore into the 

 leaves, as it has no means of making its exit unless it works its way out 

 ■of its prison through an oval hole between two of the leaves. It l/as to 

 in some way, for when fully fed it makes its exit, ascends to the tern)inal 

 buds, and pupates on one of them, exposed to the air. Sometimes there 

 are two larvae, one on each side of a leaf. 



The cocoons are pale, oval, and covered with the pitch which exudes 

 from the buds of the tree, and were found May 20. 



When the fly issues from the cocoon it creeps half way out of its 

 •cocoon, leaving its pupa-skin partially remaining, with the old pupal 

 integument of the antennae, wings, and legs separate. 



June 10, 1 opened the cocoon and found the pupae of a chalcid-fly, and 

 afterward found specimens of the adult, which bore small holes through 

 the sides of the cocoon. 



Adult female described from, life : Antennae 14-jointed, about half 

 as long as the body, brown, with sparse, irregular verticils of gray 

 hairs, the ten terminal joints twice as long as broad, and pedicellate. 

 Clypeus and ^picranium testaceous brown, the clypeus (hypostoma) 

 having a few long gray hairs curving over and downwards. Palpi 

 concolorous with the ends of the antennae. 



Thorax shining black, with four lines of white hairs, as in C. pini De 

 Geer; the sides, including the prothorax, reddish ; scutellum reddish- 

 brown, while the trochanters are much darker, the first pair being nearly 

 black, the two posterior pairs reddish-brown. Legs brown, paler be- 

 neath, with gray hairs, the tarsal joints darker at the articulations, 

 covered with fin« silvery hairs. 



Wings rather short and broad, with scarcely any pubescence; fringe 

 long, veins dark brown ; the subcostal (first longitudinal) terminates at 

 the middle of the wing (in C. salicis it terminates much beyond this 

 point); the median vein terminates at or perhaps a little below the 

 apex; it curves around rapidly, following the curve of the margin; 

 cross vein very minute, very oblique, almost obsolete, situated a little 

 before the middle of the first longitudinal vein; third longitudinal vein 

 straight, but turning down to the inner margin at nearly a right angle. 

 The venule, in continuation of the main vein, is bent upwards at its 



