Tuomson.—On the Cleansing of Towns, 47 
to 23 millions of gallons per diem, and the number of water-closets is about 
15,000. The whole sewage is disposed of by irrigation, for which the place 
is eminently adapted by nature. Crops of rye grass are thus obtained in 
value £40 per acre. Financially the farm to which the sewage is applied 
is not a success, the loss per annum varying from £1,012 to £1,700. The 
Deputation say it is, however, probably the most successful sewage farm in 
England. 
Of London the Deputation remark that the population is 8,500,000; the 
density per acre being 45-7, and mortality 22-9 (per 1,000). Here also the. 
sewage farms have been unsuccessful, and I need not go over the ground 
already traversed in the preceding part of this paper. 
BigurxGmaw has a population of 875,000, occupying an area of 8,490 > 
acres; density, 44:5 persons to the acre; death-rate, 25:2 per 1,000. The 
number of water-closets in 1872 was 7,065, but though the population has 
largely increased since that time, the number of water-elosets is now only 
7,514. In fact, the use of these is discouraged by the municipal authorities, 
although not absolutely forbidden. The number of houses in 1871 was 
75,000, and since that time 8,420 have been erected, bringing up the present 
number to 88,490. The number of pan-closets in use in 1876 was 17,000, 
all the new houses of the smaller class being fitted with these—one closet 
serving for not more than two houses. Of ordinary privies, at the same 
date, there were 27,436, and of ash-pits 19,154. The quantity of sewage 
is from 12 million to 16 million gallons per day, and before being passed 
into the River Tame it is treated with lime to cause precipitation. The sludge 
is also treated by a patented process, the annual expense of which, after 
deducting income from revenue, is £12,000. 
The Rochdale system of pails for night-soil, and tubs for ashes is carried 
out at Birmingham ; about 17,000 pans being now in use. 
Coventry has a population of 40,000; an average annual mortality of 
23:4 per 1,000, and 10 persons to the acre. The water supply is from 
artesian wells. The present number of water-closets is about 5,000; and 
privies, 800. The sewage works are about a mile from the town, and the 
effluent goes into a small stream called the Sherbourne. The sewage is 
passed through gravel filters before it is let out in the stream. But the 
system becoming inefficient, works for purification and utilisation were 
erected at a cost of £14,000. But the company to whom the sewage was 
conceded had to succumb. The Corporation now carries on the works at a 
yearly expenditure of about £2700. 
Manchester has a population of 356,000; the average death-rate being 
80 per 1000. The number of persons to the acre is 83, The river Irwell 
