50 Transactions,— Miscellaneous, 
replaced by an efficient dry system, they do not think that the adoption of 
this course will very much lessen the amount of sewage to be dealt with, or 
render its purification less imperative. 
When water-carriage is used, the following methods may be employed :— 
1st. Running into the sea or into a tidal river, under conditions that will 
prevent its return. 
2nd, Irrigation, 
8rd. Intermittent filtration. 
4th. Purification by precipitation— 
(a) by lime. 
(b) by sulphate of alumina. 
(c) by the A, B, C system. 
The dry method includes-— 
1st. Pan closets, 
2nd. Earth closets. 
9rd. Goux system. 
4th. Stanford's system (Carbon Fertilizing Company). 
oth. Lienur's pneumatie system. 
In regard to Glasgow, the report notices Messrs. Bateman and Bazal- 
gette's scheme to pump the sewage to a high level and then carry it down 
to the Ayrshire coast. The plan adopted in London of running the unpuri- 
fied sewage into the river could not be supported owing to the small current 
of the Clyde tidal waters. 
If the sewage of Glasgow were taken to Farland Point, or to the lands 
between Irvine or Saltcoats, the scheme would resemble that carried out by 
Bir J. Hawkshaw for Brighton, whose outfall sewer is about eight miles 
long; but efficient ventilation would require to be applied to carry off the 
noxious gases generated. 
Of dealing with sewage by irrigation, great hopes were entertained a few 
years ago that the grand solution had been attained. All this is now 
changed, owing to general failure. Probably the Beddington Manor Estate 
at Croydon is the most successful of sewage farms, and the report states 
that it is no small matter to say that it disposes of the sewage of a popula- 
tion of 60,000 persons at an outlay which is now reduced to a little over 
£1,000 per annum. But the situation of Croydon adapts it in a peculiar 
degree to the utilization of its sewage by filtration through land. When 
the Deputation visited this and other sewage farms the weather was 
cold, so that no odours of a truly offensive nature were observed; but this is 
not always so; on the contrary, evidence is adduced to the effect that warm 
weather makes these exceedingly unhealthy, giving off a most odious stench. 
