834 Transactions, — Zoology, 
cirrhatus is said to come from Chili, to be 27 in. in length, and to have 14 
feathers in the tail. | Leucocarbo carunculatus is also said to come from Chili 
and the Straits of Magellan. The base of the bill is said to be carunculated, 
and in the breeding season the bird is said to be crested, and to have a 
broad band of white on the back. He gives P. imperialis, King, as a 
synonym of L. carunculatus. Dr. Finsch says in 1870 (Jour. für Ornith., p. 
915) that he has compared a specimen of G. caruneulatus, Gm. from the 
Crozet Islands with those from the Straits of Magellan in the Leyden 
Museum, and finds them to belong to the same species, Dr. Buller in his 
Birds of New Zealand (1878) keeps both species together and gives Carbo 
purpurascens, Brandt, as another synonym. In 1874 Dr. Finsch (Jour. für 
Ornith., p. 213) having received a specimen from the Chatham Islands, 
again separates P. carunculatus from P. cirrhatus, pointing out that the 
South American birds have the gular and chin regions totally naked, while 
in the Chatham Island bird there is à central feathered strip, and the sides 
of the head and neck are dark. He considers the Chatham Island bird to 
be G. carunculatus, Gmel,, and the Magellan Strait bird to be G. cirrhatus, 
Gmel. 
Mr. R. B. Sharpe, in the appendix to the Birds of the * Zoology of the 
* Erebus' and * Terror'" (1875), aecepts Dr. Finsch's views; but in the 
same year Dr. Coues (Bull. U.S. National Museum, No. 2) identifies the 
shag from Kerguelen's Land as G. carunculatus, although pointing out that 
it has no white band on the wing, and considers G. cirrhatus as a synonym. 
Dr. Kidder, in the same publication, remarks that in this bird the caruncles 
at the base of the bill are brilliant yellow. 
Such, in short, is the history of the nomenclature of these birds. The 
first statement (Forster) was that there is one species found both in New 
Zealand and South America. Then (Gmelin) that there are two species, 
both found in New Zealand. Then (Latham) that there are two species, 
both found in New Zealand, and one of them (carunculatus) in South 
America also. Then (Gray) there is said to be only one species, inhabiting 
both places. Then (Bonaparte) there are said to be three species, all 
inhabiting South America. Then Dr. Buller again considers them all as 
one species, inhabiting both places. Then Dr. Finsch and Mr. Sharpe 
consider that there are two species—G. carunculatus, inhabiting New Zea- 
land and the Chatham Islands, and G. cirrhatus inhabiting the Straits of 
Magellan and the Crozet Islands; at the same time Dr. Coues, who has 
probably never seen a specimen from New Zealand, thinks that there is 
only one species. 
During a late visit to Melbourne I had, through the kindness of Prof. 
McCoy, the opportunity of examining a specimen in the Museum, named 
P. cirrhatus, from the Falkland Islands, and of comparing it with specimens 
