416 Transactions.— Botany. 
more or less completely, cleistozamie flowers. V. tricolor, the parent plant 
of our garden pansy, does not produce them, and we find in the above list 
a gradation in the amount of depauperation, which appears to reach its 
maximum in the Indian V. nana. This species, though producing perfect 
flowers in its native habitat in the Sikkim Terai, produced only cleistogamic 
flowers in Calcutta, and in Mr. Darwin’s greenhouse, and this for many 
successive seasons. 
Three species of Viola have been described as occurring in New Zealand. 
Of these I have not seen V. lyalli, but have examined the other two. The 
presence of cleistogamic flowers on these plants has long been known, but 
their structure has not been minutely deseribed, and most people take them 
for buds. 
Viola filicaulis, Hook. f. 
This species bears exceedingly variable flowers, some being only slightly 
depauperated, while others are completely closed. I am strongly inclined 
io think that those plants which grow in open, sunny spots, produce more 
of the conspieuous flowers than those growing in hidden and out-of-the-way 
corners. Clumps of the plant were in many cases gathered from deep 
clefts among rocks, and these were found in most cases to be covered with 
cleistogamie flowers, but to have few or none of the conspicuous ones. 
The ordinary flowers of this plant are produced on slender peduncles 
from three to six inches in length. 
The petals, which are about twice as long as the sepals, 
are white or pale blue, elegantly streaked with brown and 
yellow ; the lower one being furnished with a very short, 
obtuse spur. The stamens are well developed, with a 
_ thin, broad connective, which extends considerably above 
the anther lobes, and the two lower stamens are furnished 
with short, truncate spurs. The style is long and curved, 
and terminated by a quadrangular stigmatic aperture. 
The cleistogamie flowers are borne on curved peduncles, 
very close to the root, from 3 to 1 inch in length. The 
flowers themselves are very small, seldom exceeding a 
si agree of an inch in length. The sepals are similar in 
dun and development to those of the ordinary flowers. 
1h. The petals are shorter than and included in the sepals, 
La urred stamen and are all regular in shape. The stamens appear to be 
anche negem all represented, but none have the spur. The filaments 
caulis x 25. are narrow, not extended laterally, but prolonged shortly 
1, E ollen quor above the anthers to a short, acute hood. The anthers 
x 225, are applied closely to the pistil, and the pollen grains, 
