Jaxrakr 19, 1861.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 47 
j 
: 
: manufacturer of slate for garden purposes he was | divided thus: 50° to the усе.) point; and thence to ppe E- CE LLAR FUN 
d 
: 
: 
: 
unrivaled. Аз an occasional contributor on prac- | the boiling point 200°. Ву this A 
Dnriv 8 e A asi - 
tical subjects to Horticultural periodicals he did | would be 45° of the root scale below freezing ; and ava occasion ш. ai vert to the 
i i cket of Seeds sa 
= е 
ely ! 
mischief жыйы is done - o wine in cellars by Fungi, A 
,|an approach would be made to the in- 
Uf te^ as 1? degree of the latter wo ould be exa atly 
of the proposed scale. ad this been done origin Шу, 
we think it would have been well; but now so many 
very curious case is no efore us, which is already 
serious enough, and uight have beerni most disastrous 
had it not been observed in time. Two months ago a 
е have been учу according to the present Fungus iy ade its guider сиг? in "T bas whieh T 
twaseremoy 
tem иа, at any alteration of it cam scarcely he at- | Persev eringly so far ав it could be done. w ah lifting 
NOTES ON THERMOMETERS. e Centigrade scale has its zero at the freezing | Ше кас but it has a A M 
z extreme hime of the weather, as regards pint" and thence 100? is the boiling point. When the 
7 years, t the day her ie death of hie: ноли 
ughte 
1 { j from the point н it first made its appearance or 
; heat and cold, е than usual attention is paid to the | instrument indic vn below freezing, the degree must 
| i ed and 
indications of the "the rmometer. is of course desir- | be mar minus (—) ; an consequently the columns e where it was first noticed. · If-left undisturbed 
able for the sake of. comparison that these should in |oft in registers cases of 4 &lli 
cases be correctly not In order to do this and — Карын, which hare to be picked out from the. dade c adir irapa hs uypuaranon of 
der being covered with cotton алый, except that the 
; PE Fungus is tinged with yellow. Тһе sudden appearance 
j к thatit к 421 ris eaa fo кын è aad арыдан Us аре 2 каш of hs parasite and t. uti irresistible progress 
н qune : Sape end os е some apprehension. les i фей Moi Ады the 
either in р the instrument, noting its iu each of them being equal to Lo of M ч 
à * there ba seen dr bd EM 
: or from fiot" able to ев ting out р ose ато оп gene Nor мен the о o ire ground. 
P orgen, for this will rga rert 7а: — it «d several kinds; but the bes Б tl өг" тее ob oori: harda hour >>> 
have been obtaine d from of the best maker istrueted on Ruther ford'a ‘principio, wich is this lin а neig rcm А ing 2 his 5 ай " oped E 
on Беи eA every They aro re placed nea avly hecho ntally. The one for regis- | | Fungus e or a dy бо: on-closer examination 
t was found that е bottles were covered w white 
ecessary that the principle of of the instrument should each other and added separately, the difference of the 
t 
out 
кийет ought to «4 dy well E m of heat, and | terit heat is a mercurial one 
bafis A jd e thermometer, the e of heat, as its Whilst the mercury expands by heat " pushes an index | | thréads s closely res embiing ет ча байна i. ^ E 
be d. f the Or 1 b f, iR. think 
In general, all homogeneous bodies expand by heat, зоны test period of the day ; then the mercury s ed 3 e ve gt 
and contract to their original bulk when the hent is | recede Md rds the bulb, but the index remains; а 3| Fongous mas бетеп th СЕ the cork and the pes 
withdrawn. То this law, екты пеңг ines is end next the mercury: marks the point of highest ойла slightly преведе, and gradually converting ite 
ble А. few raised 
— 
E tissues into a fria white substance 
comm or thermometers are mercur 'The rm ther mometer, or that which — dre 
spirits Pot ibo: the expansion and contraction t the -the lowest temperature, is a spirit Ls Its index Artem modu ке е ied. spreading between 
former is the most uniform ed different pee M [very ien enamel cylinder, with a minute knob at iih | dicati 73 А V ohia ^v E dem Tho Fung е ж 
heat, but the latter affords the E (еа d; іб always, or should always снаа іп the spirit, " de те E ries bor lt х kay is 
of registering the lowest tem at ni iet * that when the latter recedes towards the bulb as the | АМЫ TH E | p^ i y ben ing 
So RE “м 1600 а kind of ‘thermometer was in- temperature becomes lowered, the i i \пр eite one ж Вне ает ap aris eub йрн 
ted n i ig with it. WH te! 
| е ; : ng À г ts below. It seems therefi fi ud 
the same fime a somewhat similar one dd Drebbel in |spirit proceeds along the tube; but it leaves the index par с: 0 peonis SIR О бу AN ТАГА WO- саи JUON; 
- Holland. During the P nin century there was still | beh ind and, let 16 be observed, the end of the index that the wax with which the cork'has- been sealed has 
ment o eful 
, o perfect instru , application produced, | farthe st n. the p marks the lowest point to which para ad some extent a prn and he. believe 
philosophers not being agreed hat had the neck of the bott рр 
scale. Hooke proposed for this the freezing of Wate! The action of-thésb maximum 4 and m or-day sealing Y wax во as to cover completely the und the 
Halley the temperature which is found: to be ашо | mà night throni: as they a oineta called, | for its no mischief would have ensued, 
summer and winter at a certain depth in the caves | 1з extremely simple; and with ү! Жаш care-they- are, | 107 10 18 quite cloar that the ieri is that which 
under the observatory at Paris. Newton dvo mended T now constructed, it liable to get out of order. | 225 first become a o to the 
| e l poin "pde yj hern Е = boiling. of Lini ees it ао not s LA йбх of the marimii in so valuable a stock of wine 
0 А c. 
ү! " 51: маз intended--the | % the опе іп question seems to be is doubtless urgent, 
itis a p f tha фай!» ` 
Мер cac, at these are omnid ud $ bed at the | mercu sold udh before But- sometimes it got | 3nd requires immediate remedy. Every partile of 
i T гә The space on the 1216 Бебтера bhath m is, пету si dd бе uy Would n А вт mall | spawn should be removed, the. walls of the eellar 
o variously divided, the number of. degrees bit of ivory or E спеше was марат betoon it - [should be. washed at once with a. sm 
according to Reaumur's вой Ве ing 80, Celsius or th өй ér answered the purp The solution of corrosive sublimate or blue vitriol; the 
; Cent de 100, Fabrenheit's 180. mothl ай о: wil ied ифа sd 3o авч i боёй8; ut wine, wherever the.corks are in the slightest ud 
ceording to to M. p 1 с ; мз by Newman, is per- be re-corked and. the of the 
e magnet to draw- — sealed as recommended. above; and if, previous. 
й, J с Р "m бей "ol: гё 
of wine, and invented e since generally known back i it dt war воб be rit. merely turning | 0. the sealing, the outside of the cork were 
as Fahrenh We mur here тй that "RoBmer the suras on of the tube upwards e 55 = moistened'with the solution of the metallic sal 
vq as is apt to be the | easily and readily slides do ovn till it o Aa to dry, a танне which could not. be atten 
y. ded 
З mischief if conducted cautiously, we have little 
a Rd M vid Phe rep ian Бы мауга fresh doubt that the evil would be completely тепейей, Ii 
еу ; 3 i ronom : Wm thérmondetet i$ linble to-get ont-of| 18,008 of v du. "frequent occurrence, and 
` The inks if 
order, as is well орен in the following mcer attacked at all, must be arrested аб ап pe дез for 
tion which appeared in the Times, from Mess 
| Negretti & Zambri. The remarks apply not only io f tuall 
-their rims ent but also to others on: -the sam ЕТ ie state of spawn with- 
principle. е) RM v Pri it is onm give. эку positive 
Bei rcm `~ “Some of the réadings-publised have certainly bem | 00 ence ei ogicals 
g or repairing the publie i. Lastoéndiag Weltenot 10°, ава bx even 20° below 2010,02" yellow. tint how indicate either the 
doris a ey fit jte for planning 
‘them, f. the cold this” season scarcely been e ан 
time em сү E bes ot de 
pho Жей miso ^d 
of mn 
“is certainly true, but there are ттеу) of errors that m 
"thermomieéters are liable to, and it is to site errors we [ou to 
eall the attention ns k ieal ri eye 
common dry ro ipn pe or Pazillus 
panuoides, which hi is sometimes abundant on the saw- 
idle, de TES LS dust of Conifer: ers. „Whatever it may be, it i із. mixed with 
the epi cloid. Dadis M da Mor Ax Wars fos чу р боле НЫМ АЛБ il 
p FE: * os (o destroy яе so I of the extreme rea EA that have | an evil reputation with wine merchants. M. J. В, 
Bul he boreof which is filled w. or 
er. hot weather rod em 
surface оё tie alobal, but, the tube s z LOWEST TEMPERATURES IN огай ndi 
) MM eT Баны THE е ing returns ched us after those of last 
! ES EE UE remm sme 
probal › 4 known instances ev 
Шала Th those Ка a hio { ЕЕ at the u "end of the tube. It | d 
fo br the purpose E was the inventor o oos a | m ап fustrument will 5 а iow - p Let praem | Ё E 
i2 and де the t The өй | | j 
à € return to Fahrenheit's thermometer. ж» thermometer may be V Vlll, dt may Pet. =“ high enge Lagi opem 8-8 дош 
сьв es йз йен БН. Жо Roëme en Тег п на, «y: the ibd wil de 52 iran by evaporation, ге 4 | à d 
uction began to by Daniel rid that i it vadui E. prae ту it E" f Y iara | = 
чеген ve of ced vio. eres ds lived at | simple rule should be ы i каны iininiüm ther- | 
m o vinilo Ao pus er Н о ferire. Bei хн 
x 2 per сао у 2t io e hung pe EE уке ia ie Leeds . Мт. Groom, Swil- 
тише - sition Uic аймаа | | Derbyshire ..|Ashborne .. ` yr, i pem 
[ Useful. | 12 d rti ry Коза Wok. to the eos ur Notts. -|Elton Manor — .. - : Bradley 
Knowledge aa ratin, кн S dida Iherajoroeter, if а correct one, | Lameashre ..|Cheadle .. ^ ..|29|- c m 
T On taking up опе of Fahrenheit's thermometers 16| Siv's А of "both | Воо, Рова. 2 "P Mackengio 
I beo Eo that the zero of the scalo i 32° belów Lr | Pes - hu нш А: „ый 
g Sot ', tli г Stourton 
to e la oit|Essx..  ..|Wantage .. : |Rev.R-W.Baines 
Sui foli s DI mi " Out 
uix ow- ME e TDO мео 
ard's mate of IL Ditto E Ditto 
6 lóWod P A of Sir may Ыы Pala his ет Northampton. |P m nM 
ы сд Р Astal s uad 15 sum rid у, aud T is the i бет. eei to his purpose. | Inverness odan ^. © ls F orbes 
è he e cni found а zero хоз er- bep ae wong d Сеш mit nd Island o! BR Const “ жа" 
«er. minus d ere аз our вау. land Mr. Rennie 
ш testify, hing not "ш is Gino in our i quim d ay an ps D ы ditt ted; 1^ hoe am ke Sas. libi, bliged io b s ci, WU, 
md his might has the principle we ree seii обете, пасћ тоте ber wnwetelligible о iige pisi doe 
scale ve been advantageously | consistent, and on the whole more trustworthy. R.T. к mem E prem 
On Grass. 
