a zn 5 
Jaxvary 19, 1861.] 
THE GARDENERS' 
CHRONICLE AND 
AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 57 
of the districts, or em immediate hiting district 
т М Аата in Essex. but ast 
5 
th 
pe ntities are sent БЫ Lu ito. plait ("n 
ишке and "9 her distri ts. 
ration of straws are mos 
o 
plaits, superi rior | 
Et qose 
atentos. E to them during t 
ex 
the last 50 y mu 
e of m лут -made plait is on be attri- 
lis 
1 the 
quality ^ extent. p о е der such has 
t 
of th cel 
but The " icts were ori ginally limited, of our manufacturers to meet | у 
advantazes of зана uice 4. have led to the preserit the public taste and the D of the million, tbat 
1 extension of the districts in th p its fro ы йин егшапу, 
arge e 
риш HR the MNT of obtaining a good crcp 
of straw, hd 
sell cultivatio: 
we read that М. мум. А of Sco 
кыс Met rei in Lorraine, in bes. noticed e women 
of straw hats, p andi - мө, districts -— — pia ght an m 
—€— handicr; practi e pea 
ter off than i in pum parts 
кез Switzerland, "have b 
ed on many | the 
w was first | the pies 
een го 
acc RA һа 
abourers о 
The plaiters are gene ‹ 
the labourers; a few p men. Yo plai e in | 
| O0! 
Children are taught usually їп schools, and are sent 
л the early age of four уелгз ; besides ee they are 
In 
joue the trade to produce во тапу mov elties that Children of those | 
plai its fo of wear; | Chil to 33 per week ; sgire and women Ss- 
the lowering and afterwards abolition 8s. p eek. and some 
the duties on reign Tuscan brought that article into | men 3 "the winter “season, when r empl oyment is 
сонро with the epr grea manufacture, no 2 rce T M part of the population engaged in 
M by the straw trade. e trade are boys and lads, emp n bleaching, 
t| From the date of the Great Exhibition i in 1851, cm, апа brushing plait, е arning 65 о "= еек ; 
piaiting has continued = ешн» e so mt t the same earnir ng 725, о 15s., and the large and 
ach s ——— — 
important class of 1 r presse 
30s. per week. Not жиы am some of 
youthful folly, be^ industr ry of the mass ofthe позата 
is gre xy as may be seen when it is considered that the 
ок» amoun nts to near rly 5,000,000 bonnets 
| нуч hats 
The Luton productions of the superior decipi 
are manufactured in the work-rooms, and amount to from 
2,000,000 to үз 000,000 of bonnets and чау und y- 
The “str: кй, їп all its n umerous tenian 
is most ex езі е, 
made in London fex Bed tritis xe og stra 
pu. are ndded, the annual returns will not fall short 
— un and a quarter ste terlin 
ng ments the trade of Luton, 
and the riw trade generally i in England, is or d 
aught spelling and rendi ing. most 
year, In addit: 
impo rtance 
the straw trade t. Bedfordshire 
chool, 
uch 
said that the thought struck her that the i 
of this useful ar t into Scotla nd would be attended w ith 
r 3d. 
time before the 
elderly | dame, who o rece 
The children are some 
return with her to Scotland ; ‚ this 
can pint во ав to earn | anything , but ve уеаг ог 
rh after 
was about ee year The troub'es in 
as afterwards ђе prevented her fully "aom: 
ing her object; but t her son, James І., ra 
interest in bis mother's laiters, and visos 
ordshire, While, however, they 
they taught their art, 
resent day in the гым 
h the quantity now made there is very sol 
their plait i is disposed of by their ieri "The ey n main 
at school mH usual school V ai afterwards, during "n 
plait Es Ба ae and when spe are n eight 
or nine pe they d . to 3s. рег On reis 
hool they earn 4s. to 5s. if expert aliut, and aft 
hey become skilful they may obtain as much as 7s. 
Maay learn to sew i if n near Lu ton or Dunstable, and 
which is generally conducted by an | to 
1800 persons in the 
p 
4 other branches of Баъ, forming the staple itia 
of that town. 
ome Co — 
Tithe Commutation.—As many of your ed» may 
feel anxious to know the йен of the Corn Avera 
for the seven years to Chri — 1860, published -by 
Gaz 
author -— n the Zondon of this — E 
Whea! i 9$ MOL per impe hel, 
Barley А . A 5 » 
I tate for their ын that each 1007. о 
of hat and "omnet sewing, а sewer being considered a 
step above plaiter; and one who may exhibit an 
home tor 
beg to 
tithe ай charge will for the er amount & 
1121. 3s. 434., whieh s MN n per cent. 
last which was po the Mn 
plaiters are supposed to ha nns in England 
about the y 1603, and m ra have taught t 
peasantry the art of making ДИ Cat Di Dee About 
а centery after this, it is dec that plaitin ng had, i in 
1724, extended, and that Ж хес. 
plaiters found profitable employment both in Bedford- 
shire and n^ ч» hire. taste having sprung up in 
the rei; n A d in the succeeding reigns 
of the e milkmaid and gipsy hats, a con- 
i us was receiv ded by the trade, and 
ble into 
ention of the straw to 
Been лө м by the French prison Yoxley rel 
at 
near Stilton, between je years 1808 and 1806, 
es long, 
which a set of meret: was | 
brought to a point, 
NS ко A pipe. 
ints. Some were arranged x I а straw into four 
purs others fiyo, an and so on u se 
These es, improved from Pos to time, so 
economised labour and material that bonne ш 
would not ir to aspire in her village hom 
The узда for 1855 w: 
the 24 pr Cim idle D 
Jow the value for 
17 eher in те 20 such formin req 
umber of towns, villages, and ham 
year many attempts being made to produce 
an Ё resembling then — in Жашара, тыу епсоп- 
eh to A straws liko those Е чм and then 
pe etae do naa hat. A Mr. 
e silver коер їп 1822, 
nty of our climate, want 
heat in our aaaea ү he upon the 
using straws imported from [t Не ‹ 
patent for a e made by e elevi en Tuscan 
sans , called by him the “ Tuscan Gra ay ret which 
wards patro nised by Queen Adelaide, and 
embraced | 2906 Society, 25, "Sufolk 
it is e all the year round, ex Pak А ды 891. 15s. "per per cen 
harvest rete a winter р - E made indoors, and as | the current year. The following ени {тош ту 
the splints have to be w in a partially wet xir Tithe Doniini Tables will show the worth 
ча тец e is ар work em the fingers. When 1007. of tithe rent-change for each year since the 
laiting near the fire the straws are liable to injury ; passing of e Ti d mes utation Act t, viz. :— 
rthe year £ s, d. 
ring and summer, awa from the fire or in the 1r % 18 si 1852 93 16 11i 
open pe a the cottage doo dooj а A A 95 i E 1504 90 19 5 
The earnings of a good {уйе after the straws are n "P E. u 9} aM ri E 74 d 
r e. AUi 5, 
deducted, will be е from бе. to 7s. 6d. per тев, in a good biangna: Маса i 1857 ; 0913 14 
$ 1843 2. 105 12 1858 105 16 34 
16 is computed that 2 йй онаа | -— 144. —. 104 8. 1859 19 
in plaiting, and boys up s p amr p 1545 103 17 11 1860 110 17 
now be near to vens - the number NS Td Ш =. ЗЧ 1901 n 8 4 
annually made 200,000 10,000,009 seores af plat plait] 1847 1319 wo з и 
КЫШЫ, «неон лөк ы P OC Ri cu 
e t e 0 average 
d s done аР e double links of| ,, 1851 for 25 years. £100 4 аќ 
Charles М. "аце dotes University Life Assur. 
Street, Pall Mall East. 
Societies, 
NGUS.— Turnip Culture. The jodges of the Turnip 
hem nearer 
crops in competition for the sweepstakes, price the 
rie Ehe prier aa un jeultural Association, have 
the prizes as ои. 
District,—1. Mr. eme wem Newton of 
S. Wiliam сой, Sees. 
well 3. Mr. Robert 
Bedfordshire. In 1801, t 
inhians; 1 in 1841, 7740. 
12, 783; t the present time it is 2 drained a 
fie each, 
the first single plait, 
years 1844 aud 1560. other and more 
ipe its were invented know n". as China pearl, 
Brusse being 
'аѕ very great. Bat the most important of d 
laits is that termed twist edge, a So nnne KE 
ge, from the fact of the straw Anin ag whipped over as 
It із. also made in leppes seven and 
11 straws, and is а staple artic ot Eng са леб рта 
ing t the è true straw bonnet, Бе МЫНЫ с English stra: 
this узае 
plait has been attended with ha velis a — za а 
description capable of being used роне kind 
of hat or 
These various descriptions of straw id have 
ESETÉ 
I. 
were, 
r yea ror two amount t 
still peer enlarging. 
females “outnumber the 
the es ims im wm 
19, o be is o direct 
g chiefly d 
it indirectly. 
- рент ii the room hands. Their earni 
. to 12s. for ihe medium 
eni 
the 3095 urni 
In 851 | it had risen - fa armer, no 
Of the class of sewers employed by the manufacturers | 
district there were five entries; | эя 
Dore 
so few rye our 
a 
t also аз 
only 
die of high- ined. fat cattle, 
grea 
* Son te basis for the success of the subsequent crops 
of the rotation ; and in 
to of Turnips raised, the quantity and a of manure 
is iner 
g 
Ч 
upon the best plain and best fancy hands can 
btain from 16s. to 20s. dev these earnings are 
| mec to vn to eon with е fluctuations of of the trade. 
class о are those 
ададе чей Зс * id meiiis M rok олан 
w | description, their earnings are in proportion. The goods 
аге in general sold by e to the warehouses at the 
end of the week. Almos — и a employed 
upon this кыа of т and their earnings vary 
the whole, more j obtained than | i 
the families of the surrounding districts. 
the 
apes ; 12s. to E is MAT by those employed Eres 
UAE LET. 
TEF 
EI 
| 
d 
iram 
|| 
БЕП 
n 
SET 
duh 
number of a nT 
add which about 50; me tf bein gen 
and pano omy ^ The plants 
p 
wode ó 
Ё 
d 
| 
ieri a y in 
p avee ean o 9 Дуна 
lied to each field will be stated below. 
that the dung a 
ordinary dung 
