Jews 22, 1861.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 585 
vi е seeds. If Oats they are cut down when the  porer end shenitia done № ое Urs Pion or Tarn- | cannot. i worked over doep mur Rada Wide овое оні 
е ugh Y е » 
s formed, and used v forage. The Backwheat dis over system adheres simply to m ordinary plough or сет ment of fields ot of that paramount i н =T а ngo 
erain ; should it however be much "s | RM ; this is what I z us have been accustomed іх m | urged буз ome, noe when mS windlass plan is employed ve 
order to prevent t our v childhood ; we 1 riy ад а it with much фо» can cu pive ate fields any shape, yet straight-sided fiel 
it is каве {о mow > in р for be o none of us ber, p" ealy to be driven from our old | most easily cultivated ; and we should do we erm e 
Б g pl anta. нА modes of thought and praeties ; its very neat and agreeable | useless hedges, and with them, the filth which they кк 
re the mea eadows ate much nop -— т et appearance prepossesses us in its favour ; the long, beautifully | We can clean fields as clean as a garden, but so long as we 
and d nerit, winde, curtains ” of cut furrow slices challenge v аа miration ; and besides this, | retain a useless number of filthy hedges (and they are generally 
ides; these love bnt, чено rd it possesses - dido tie oes not require vigilant | so), our clean fields are in danger of being contaminated py 
d to of the aperto tend Had т а field a day or two after | them, to вау nothing of the laud they cover, and the cost of 
leave os rapidly decay, and ad e vigour it has ber agha: nd can see whether the ploughman has | keeping them in order. With respect to hilly and uneven Jand, 
rasses on which they fall. 03-7 performed his work or iced In very dee ер, чы, and | there is no difficulty in cultivating this. The engine should be 
v = reparing the land before laying it out for | light Polls docui a pair of horses can break пра re and a | placed at the best point for the х driver to see the imple- 
2 р ing which I have heard of, but ve never | ment at both ends of the field ; -— "- little to the worki 
irrigated meadows is mà OA mentioned by M.|balf in а day—a E Pan meet mS P E poren eie i 
seen,—it is very doubtful, to my mind, whether anything we е, or the 
— "This i is to crop the land for three or "four "ave found in Xhe ether dnd can possibly surpass it. Аё |bottom ofa hill, but the steam. 'eultiv and ас Ua best up an 
preceding ; this not only ент es Sol » for ри the same time, I believe that most people are pretty well | down hill This also, if cross cultivating is done by Mou) 
em and cultivation of the Gra it is | асач d with th sons which I urge to show the |(which I gen "ir vise) relieve them К giving them the 
^ E E inutility of this plan in — c bs nd the advantage of the | side hill work, or as it may b ed the flat work, As to 
found to be very profi e. ТЬ е; first зе a ge: "ir ^ third system in particular. The ivating, or Woolston system. | uneven surfaces, the Fare aa х во омана ав readily 
turned over чет is planted Pota —The main argument which I use Mx that, since there are many е а lapt selves to every thing of the sort that occurs in 
strong application of m: d: of our most perni weeds which are not destroyed by being | practice. Now, voee I geuerally find that the heavy 
-— №, bon taken with a less result ree ii simply put under the ground, but are, кор, the УСТА р d farmer will stop me with three such questions as the 
Potatoes aro арып witha. less tinted I do not think that such | following :—As I have no manure, how am I toget it to рге 
f in being ege ge prepare 
first year. The third Lom dote Rye | damaging plagues ought to be turned Wade, but tbat fhey |my. fallows at Michaels! What are tho advantages of 
nt vh Duas seeds is taken off. R. S. В. ought, on the contrary. (0 > kept as near the surfaco as putting up the land into ring t he winter?. And what 
possite I could —€— ons - NM which ning good йлы Эме ut tbat at yoliow F hich йезе advise — to fete 
ү under my о ws eben on, where the ^ А ә кеча э objections. 
f lands ИСА such — € а — ү Ve ey at the autumn ? 
y T Correspondence. mide "with considerable ex and i эчүе "1 те Му own yc 5 Ta — * X Jii years manure at this 
€ f, attend d реп 
Fat Stock at Cattle Shows l тоо t having been placed lower есет de ү-н has been | season of the year. It has bee e from the yards at 
meeting of tue Bath and West of England Agricultural ith greater dificult y found and eradicated. If, with regard | convenient seasons, and дерт a to the spot ри it is 
to all vegetat Ле roots, mure and killing DS the same | to be gn ready immedis ately after harvest to be put on the 
iety is over, and the remarks that I made at the R 
ы matter would be very different: but we far rede fields that are intended for Beans and roots. Thus I can ge 
half-yearly meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society ind for ceram that if арч on attempt to dien Ж root of | it on quickly when the land ъа z a good state for carting Ps 
were Iu fied. In al every case the fattest of some other of e weeds, they will, as surely | It may be said that there is a loss in letting manure lie so long 
animal took the prize. In the sheep classes as usua еа ае оома ө риваса n raise up their heads in judg- | before ушр it um m land. I can only say that I have 
t udges wer eie ut I k t t much | ment -" A We have all« of us c for years what the | not found it m if there is, it is nothing in compari- 
J cM di) те not ruined by fat, and as the burning 8! Jmmodiataly = 1 mer, A will oce in p with the "arant zo "t given by Hone фе autumn 
ае с: kin, ow г fillows ; st o lous | culture and preparing our fallows before Christmas. {Тһе 
shep said, “ Siri it i to show a sheep effect Which fo ш wed Шш Biddle а Ducie "Cultivator, shes difficulty of obtaining the manure atfirst may be obviated by 
еер: 
tbey upturn rned th rmous clods to the burni of ti the use of a little artificial manure; and by keeping back 
manu 
effected. Th z 
o Toi m, the M сөн inches of our sea-g: isle, | any mors oC ma achine oil acquires a flaky snow- 
to give ne:ther corn nor cake. А vast act neun ri aec must double the depth of our cultivation.—But you will say, | like а гапе, p^ saving "dod crashing, » rolling, d ое, 
kept entirely for showing, are never used fo IDE | what has this to o Kith Fo райо? Exactly this :— беге te-force о орен No 
purposes. -My e TU die tad Van foni nw over. ir Yo It is the prelado y í Non Ld 5 епу ob. gauri - can con ^ ceiye tho on аги un Me à zi by 
rvation, eam have fa o " 72-р n of operation. On my r lan ath u 
я n Зајца А = bore farae ч vam es | sve ble w: lan. has boen, n a. M. be brought i dita n in tela x у % 4 50, нууна 50 А-А ә. TOATE 10 hd Voi 
pee state of cultivation ; while in these islands it is a act | acre, witho dn Beers a 
to А d Боа that do produ ce good progen that but little more could be got from the grasp of the. ses. | manare: On zi ed clays, Ld land which it was ud would 
h ndges ould look more to the points o 2. Our limits аге circ урмай: ойр only. courae was, ү sible, | not grow roots à Мет have uced 18 tons of Swedes to the 
wis ро E frd 
anim: &с., and not depend so much | о increase the produc f the soil; we had to keep up with | acre. and hav uie only 10 n oads of good farm-yard manure, 
, » t At th W t of the increase of scm iig ж M^ а уеду the increase | made ep RU: m not the only one wlio has 
" 10 WWest ОГ ОР спг wants. We observed that our naturally deep soils were | done this. neighbc iof бане y^p out the same plan 
m said the tape settled the prize; if this | tne better: hence our aim to make our thin soils deeper: hence | with like pn We avail Vari ves of the assistance of 
isso it is most unfair, for where 2,3, and old | our subsoil sino and qun. A P inp a. But Na M and € Ere de us Bk m» td UM Thus зуи 
1 и 1 class it i these d oughings and overturning su ings were in | you ay pro а great an 
Co shown in one Ha козы СУ m" » many Deve diac failures, because the raw and im ma earth Dope шлу in eultivating our solls, but that the best 
give e one measuring the mo ere should | was all at once brought to the surface. - In. fact, they seemed | season pplying it is from Michaelmas to Christmas; it then 
be ev every : s made for r age. The loss in qd to succeed опіу werd the soil was деер and naturally rich, to | brings i "otward in the Whole of our processes, My own 
аё, | а depth at leas great as that which was to be turned пр; that every available acre on our 
1 P чеда с un. n and deep-plonghing were coming | farms ought, if possible, x be нт, up fore t the frosts. 
and many of our best y sand ui now cease to ph ow. 
Т. Beale Вгооте, Salp ео» Park, Gloscerteehire, | o 
June 18. : - 
s diea — em earl lo t of tan result did not | which usually ir about атан set in; that steam is 
— utlay. pd own | = A. lied to perform those operatio s which require н 
MÀ SES rected t ш» of greai Fus nd unifor d application of force, and that, 
ROYAL RICULTURAL О OFER 
A WEEKLY Come was held on Wedséeday the 19th 
June, Mr. Thomas Raymond er, V.P. i а сћа 
огїдї 
P Asiglotaste, b Мове de la Tréhonnais, was pre. | ductiv 
"ind 1 bo uthor, for which the thanks of the 
CR 
dp he was "s 6 байи against Mr. 
as Eie cepe believing Р -— te its — 
tagen , One of the 
Sot Card, M.P, read a paper on British Wool, illus- 
e reat objection „о the 
РЕ by samples | from various 
was announced th а i Seii C.B., would 
: wir vete vi 
ds a paper on - suecesstul examples h Ve ыйа and а. fes а О а and. Зз ost fu X 5 ls y acre 
of lie P. ime Туйлар of "instruction to: “children tion tt getatit. Itried to to get at this with | Th р еп geh T regarded the plough 4 Е тоге 
engaged in agricu horses, but I cannot Pond erra Sa ver ar anm od to the land th than the cultivator, because it went 
= T M mp m he herb nto the eart p, whilst t. lt 
Farmers’ Clubs. -~ implements, not done in | dealt chiefly with the sù in breaking it up. He 
the work | held the opinion that farmers were much indebted to 
Steam Cultivation.—The уа! methods 
Kerr to the motiva nof the land is 
е сорон гаси — = 
Each appears to in i 
and a mu improvement upon. € system to Me AE 
eam to | à system. wi че was an improvement upon e ol 
is TURNER, Steward to Mr. Benyon, M.P. for 
ks, stated that he had used Mr. Smith's cultivator, 
e 
farmers accustomed ; and until. time and “ indu n у | Ber 
ехрегїепсе phe ben мы premens the su superiority о? опе - ә псу of their drainage, I bad | and had found it answer satisfactorily. : 
over the other, there will be great i interest evinced by which attended. the passage of onr horses ma be obri od. Mr. ORSBURGH, of Englefield, had seen Mr. Smith’s 
ciun the expedition which it would introduce would enable us | Cültivator at work on tlre Royal farms m". Windsor, 
The announcement that Mr. ат Smith, of Wool- | to perfórm мыт » had to do at the per time "When "t ought | d гус the great drawback was the expense of 
ston, would deliver a lecture t mbers and friends ACE. н ia e em си тад — дарсан the rope. 
of the Reading Farmers’ Club, эзы ened unusual atten- | better and more frequent opportunities ас their ccr | Mr. SRO XALL, ОЁ Strathfieldsaye, expressed his belief 
tion to the subject among farmers in the district, Toe The first advantages that Í anticipated have been fully that the steam cultivator would do more to clean the 
^ бошоп m X "took place UE que tmu d or АА 66. of the furmsor h,al -he did not think £bat 
о. Spearin g p^ others who have adopted the тупае ай le testimony of farmers I. be able to uns: with. the. 
this. Neither in the question of expense rdi еар 
the deos А-АА of tha principal | to complain. My own practice on this point, wxtebding Svar u. lt е ей мт. ла 0 ent 
ск аго the num wes were present. Mr. Smith moe ad full four years, gives a result of an average amount, | | Mr. m н, ы 3 
read the mic paper including the cost for the operations, where horses have been ec pcs to the importance of 
employed for preparing a seed bed, аё 10s. 107. per aere. I|, it rd tome ce S e ies 
"There bave been many неи, to o Apply steam to the must observe that in my own practice І very seldom —— d rated К 
гато, “г the вой. However. modes „Мапа out own land witk steam. In fact I confine my work to tint eoi то оясы во great as was y. 
before all others, namely, the imi ыште spade, or уа" diffieult operations which cannot be efficient тан aen qs by Mr. t 
digging system ; the , or turn-over sy: and | horses at all. For І find by experience that опе ећсіепі Mr. Smithánd tothecha 
that w is now termed the owe ad or бушу" system. smashing up if it is M at a reasonable time is almost enough 
Of either the first or the second of hese you will not expect | of itself to produce aime -— Besides this you will 
that I should 7А е ioe it wouid be be invidious on my part, | find that when la nd lias booi wice well cultivated by MORAYSHIRE May 8: On the Past -— Moy Con 
and of little v: that I should come here to | steam its tenacity is considerabl еа and it Aq me pes is. Mr. Geddes, the Secretary 
speak of that з Snick T have had but little or no spana се, | less power than it did at the rst. However, these things | dition of Farm an Ч » found 
ortoappear to depreciate that is 2 ui Ai у opt. There may be there is the concurrent testimony of every person м4 2 the Club, read a paper. The Club had formerly 
can be no doubt that. under eerta ces, each may | has j'diciously tried it that the cost of steam cultivation i$ | resolved th at th e best system m of boarding and lodging 
have its merits: The Rtatory or Digging optem v séems to me #0 | much less than that of horse cultivation; and in the : + 
be striving to do too much ; our best and eee effective | heavier processes I am convinced tbat од d чк be foun Кеа. qe 
is Nature, whose inherent at зел жас egencies аге | to be double that ога the former. I come п ашау call | | оша be provided with comfo e lodgings close 
always at hand, апа read h to assist us if we will but, | the practica which I have o та отр кш ott e steading, and that single men should be accommo» 
at the right ros dk hei aid, ich is st t| my t эсе» ret as to draining: ii dated i in E farmers’ kitchens. 
set tory plans which I have seen, а, to | essential point of all good qud билиин, elm datdngs iion of Farm Servants 40 years ago.—On looking back 
meten with, her assistance in -prepari e seed | should be in such a.position аз {о reduce our we = Masty 40 years, às nian and boy, and all. nat time intimately 
кты AS iu E icio 2. o soil to a fne gs СЕТЕ v E — ted » e Teast qunddy tity of connected with the сан pursuits of this county, I cannot 
