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Jory 6, 1861.] 
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZEITE. 
633 
withstanding that he has always contended m the 
already distinguished themselves at Gloucester and | except for the 
amendment of British agriculture, the safest of. 
ali -— ete — required, ч s f 
tive cheapness of ox labour; other shows. s to me that the national mind has not 
riority of t the engine as to voe and "a st work,| I had an —' of testing the draught of the sufüciently schen to this object Mz 
, bein, vantage | some а КЕ» е balance wk ie ugh w with | investm et as a source of profi 
laboure 5 "iain f. * Qur cultural shortcomings are, indeed, enormous, If 
by which he e repai va vete ars m is, ап Р Ў | the residuum of of the e 404 000,000. worth ot of fore orga co n whieh 
ente EE cercle rig ^ irri ti LÍ v isonin, ^w и - it - rir hr 
ды" : quantity - E озум by Mr — o So Er тест от meaa = resulted in * large peit to the British eei 4 
э-э Castle Hill. The farm was ik | HT Gro Draught : ould have considered such a waste suicidal and insane га 
frm "worked t by ni e horses in 3-horse teams and fro Depth. Draught of| of Slack nasi that Tr of corn been consumed by their animals an 
28 o It is now worked by only nine danae M all|  Engi Plough. Rope. raught. | — ог но Thais és ou PANE 
the охеп has ing been ‹ displaced except on s dei Y " одна un ем be estimated :—As idiots д Ес 
h x E — E. T Cwt 24l. per mie mants’ investment, 4l. 10s. to p: 4 Hona, U.s 
t is however only = to add that while р, extra 100 8 16 | ? 16 pr pcd 3L. Ma. pe per A T Thes figuros e. d — м ing as 
чой ot drainage, i t and ж ме ы Ta | ^i | = whic 'esen s more "an double these amounts. 
proceeds, more bour m upon the farm than 250 б 19) | 2$ 194 ач асай v uce equal to 6s. 8d. per acre (the ауё 
time the cul- | 7 value of one bushel of Wheat), wouid, on our- acreage o 
: os e uu Е ү ds and the 100 E : S 60,000,000, give us an addition » ed food P^ 20, "Y 000l., being 
els i of these зм гуж -- мне e "e ша When going гт the engine the draught of Kn nearly double t the amount of o foreign corn 
» à i t mmenced importation. 
and Fowler's 4-furrow plough, — рн and about toll drawn behind z4 ug pu x + » "ihe 2: know that this, and very much more than this, can be 
manual labour, e salary of a ing and D bí ОК Nd done with profit to the agriculturist mri to the рте at 
a a ш "an tradesm ча оэ, апа yards. ы mg ind by even moderate improvement. n. n d e no 
ihe аќ ente ; е commenced with "fully "00 longer present the humbling в le о which, 
expenditure which been the l h of Pd farrow, d uw having еп investments voy кенв S Mond the 
taved, we even if, as e ses Е 9 eium ро y шї diverse, hus yet neglected to produce a sufficiency of food for 
had alwa: r value liL When 
must 
ways argued, oxen 
work so as to cost the tenant nothing, yet there v 
east f four 
br cwt. to pul vhol lly carried it then took 
i cwt. sern posent to dr till near 600 D - 
dragging, it ook 7i pull it. The rope 
again ud the draught fell to 
} ewt. With the unt put in gear and moving 
formari another Ж, ewt. „of draught was, taken up. 
“A long experfence has taught me that nothing is more 
4r profitable {һап ID agricultural improvement. 
J.J. 
. Mechi, Tiptree Hall, Kelvedon, Essex, June 29. 
HALF-TIME LABOUR Es Beber 
Ше, нт P че, was AL M. k before the Englisl 
- -] ЗЗА үч 
of an apparatus which shall ensure the rope being 
properly carried. In illustration of the character | ot 
M Es 
їн availing put self re permission you have 
accorded me of bringing PM. the xs cef of the 
The soil I may further notice that a common 
1 - turning * и ^ i ш inn by 10, took йон 
21 c to dra turning а furro 
6 Ner by 10, it PE фон n vet of gm ce 
FARM CAPITA 
L. 
THE E саз; has been addressed to the 
Times by Mr 
ture, allow me to я 
со 
those e 
attention I am hon oured. Т hav 
Ten 
owever now to 
e late eget Эчен, Ж din 
кел Dele. Ты Loi; 3а @ do s йым VE y А де ышанса 
d now to ulla the cost of the engine by e A ТИ нина ЫГА xx ri LE t 1 ucationa 
which t has been effected: I fnd on аршу Tad MAS E зге m public à principles, nd sf viia are peculiarly прои to 
inquiring fi field by field that since February 1860, and | with alarm, surely still more anxious shoull we feel about ы ultural and thinly spread populations. Apart from 
зр till middle o LL e 1861, 555 acres had been | Cor! e food o sod of tho po Баер ШЕЙК higher чер Чеч of Bu n s! the 
dure on iud buh^wodsd by the same асосе а disas d bae " рор yet of the ecclesiastical authorities, I pro- 
ment idm сеч scarifying ing 1 above our usual average p Ar, Ё This enormous abatis- е to deal with of a lower e eng class. I 
g 
acres his corresponds to the very | tion from our селен l prote has disturbed our ir fn anelat ar- К; уу vta íi uture d in of nro ЫЙ Жн 
rangem еа many of our me! manu- im men: 
large t of at least 1000 acres per = m e БЕГЕТ end uiv, tis ERAS the уь cf (money, bui mom lo T x on ў E ids ре di бм ki 
by the engine during t T wet and difficult | limited credit, and thrown ons оа i oyment, wholly or par- |© s aon an intelligence rking 
year of 1860. This has been ac йек ж at е Шу ш mansos ot oor industrial population. V Farmors d carcel иа рне before had LU. aov n to ur 3 m 
f 4 1: di ве depen em have suffer more othe au! ority о! specia H e 
гадя к е LÍ went fhe en de уйт hos ordi for they p Bavo incurred ns гг of | eiie Ё for an | mechanical сүн” available d sgrienttare that 
worked upwards of 140 Price. Under such circumstenoos it becom ses our duty tom. | there је now as much sound mechanica] laboù 
fuel consumed is about 10 cwt. ng 10s. or | Quire! such. i inei хе ased, as there is of lab 
tenet "о е а e = епдїп — E RE iin ch consequ uence nakes wretch 
ploughman, 1l. ; anchorman, 12s. ; porter hands | to meet tho emergencies and difüeulties of an npropitions | Vk петна of the и A and 
115. a day, cost тт. 
Тһе irs during the period pe an injury to 
plough and anchor from running into anchor when 
working in a fog when the mor ome not bé беис. 
ll about 157. The 
an le, ing to 
the eec em e Shieh carries it below 
the i eme — little i 
one, thus causing ог а grinding 
jf the rope D$ hik it was bro all, owing to 
this injury, and the tear of rope 
507. rged to 
triking was, in 
Minen a weli-drained and Seco dod js төгөт БАНИ 
modern and п and (ep EE no 
а 
on the capital invested, and 78l., beiag 1 10 i eni t for k data, thái аа PN саге 
depreciation in value. And the total annual eds Manet ead oM T There ч н бре Д араг м. 
the plough comes out 3467. per annum, га es of exhausted Grass lands and poor stiff clays which now 
less Ti an acre. | bina tbe t ends p poverty gan dicent that would be -— 
is certainly very much ckeapor than the work ынан oaaae o£ frein АИ, to МЧ. рер 
g impro ents :— 
oun ep CR. бу» Гу эй ннан of the ias £^ s 
naa wee ye -—— d most of Subsoiling or deepened cultivation .. —.. 2 9 $ 
= east 125. or 14s. for Removal of f hedgerows trees, and improve- 
i Ebr ec ly y costing th c nent of road £ 200 
. one-third the d good farm-buildings ^ .. 7.0 0 
d a great improvement of the quality of the cost, Suitable Tesidence for a tenant of capital- .. 5 0 0. 
че wofih tat X, аге Steam machinery for various purposes йк» 40 
; beaccomplished| Burnt clay, chalk, or lime —.. .. = 5 0 9 
according to Mr. Ruck's experience by the use of Mr. Guano, bones, and other manures . 8:0 0 
Fowler's engine and apparatus, even in the uni ед| _ Sewage irrigation where practicable 559: 
on this farm hithe: So here is a total of landlords’ and tenants’ improvements 
Rodi n oc ab a which, ich, conjointly, would result in individual and 
i уйш me Mr. Fowler 2. obtain а number — ym MEER practically on the matter, and I know that 
of ordaca around iren as the ноби it wouid ts be a happy circumstance for d quay gne 
У =" чыын uade О бест тона a 
S t the in 
саа and elsewhere а sim expended. on landlords’ improvements. 
y pro 
The le Hill Farm interesting, not o for на S Whether these improvemen Da by indi- 
cultivation but for i its herd of Res um S икн cepa ININ IOF REOS V UY, Duit 1t dote 
horns, which though only a few years establ lahed havo 
strike one as extraordinary that ready Шой» сап be found 
for almost every undertaking 
ог scheme, British or foreign, ' pro) 
competono of the labourers to use it, inc 
want of competent foremen dirt. dt. tes) the pro- 
re of labour: 
genera! n in some 
апа for its direction more of 
"HL kilod Jabour, for where machinery saves labour it 
e some French 
and, where, in 
occasion some Жу йе 22 ү? аг 
x үе тї m of the hich € orinn е tillage» was of about 
hels of Wheat t 
„10s. an acre, and the farmers starving. Now 
to them dvan 
er а| use f steam, reaping machines and other machinery, 
with more yet to , such as the m 
а | plough, wages for more of intelligent and better còn- 
itioned labourer: 16s. а e farmers are 
now paying a rent (which includes interest оп capital 
for drainage and othe provements) of 37. an acre. 
rogress, upwar rds of e, directed by 
e са pitaliate, кд look like- 
field marshals, 
of this class, whom lw ld d 
acre men, оек, South, attracted by: the better 
climate and low rent of "ihe land, 0 olg АА ó 
4 advanced  agricultarists 
that the Pega price o 
набы and they withdrew fom the 
slated and ill Е labourer, and the 20s. an. 
class I was 
wen over to Ireland datk the lower sales of the 
Encumbered £g tes Act, but when they examined the 
of th Жез labour there, they declined 
to E чү б ы iiw the 
e of Mdocition amongst the labourers in 
count hs: E p from the йк 
a la ag go pro- 
m are айдау. illiterate. en I 
m an education test, simple writing, ability of 
' 
