РескмвЕЕ 7, 1861.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 1075 
СИИИ -- 
whilst the СРР will have passed through into bearing, let me proceed to io poi nt out how oa eta | and 1 of өр ж rad equivalent to 3 atoms of 
the water ben the laws re ee cies the osmotic force militate aj hydrated tarta 
In this way silica, peroxide of iron, and alumina, the reception of that i Д. which at а бша "This, and тү other — above stated are expressed 
was regarded with approval by so many in ue rid following Tab: 
sis and i in а са — as colloids, шау be obtained | scientific s agriculturiste. is produce d x 8S carbonie - thus :— 
isolated form main dissolved in water on|. Undo ubtedly when we observe that the liquids which кайшы: 
way most readil y into the interior of plants Carbonic acid C, Oa О 
E^ "ecluble alumina, hw soluble peroxide of iron ose saline solutions which possess the greatest 12 of rod Сз Оз 
with the greatest facili: Sissi а - that solida arein a m excluded в Md жан Pam oxali acid 0,0, w 
They se unstable bodies however, and separate by the membrane wh ich affords admi: to the of Hydrated do. > оне 
aqueous solvent after some | the mosai on is inevitable, iat Dumu cn ught s 0n Hg 
tho air, or upon the addition of шап “salts, acids, io be ine of the st bodies w ——— its way ped: 
4 alkalies. ж теі о the tissue of a plant, contribute, as those - — - o» 9» 2 m r^ ~ 
We may also employ this me ear ees Кеме чаа believe, to its enn 1 сакати O2 0° 0н 924 
in the —À arsenic from But'will not, it may be said, the same remark apply 
from the contents of the cog d the fo Deme passing | to qe peroxide of iron, Бап Анн, о va Fia за е 
through the dialyser, on e theTforeign in, | two former are present in plants generally, the latter H 
i agh the days pure nl id in pretty large quantities in one е ves * al уте TE acid being Cis os 
Тавро ese ids in the в e: ё 
Let ше now — Ар present themselves сеа. and there- gaining Ha 
explained to the с di sans ed aao Жымсык oe fore ought W bo excluded from the tissue c S On 0 am His 
presented by. Now it may be ppc ш {һе first place, 0 | which represents the co кай 
ES MUT ЫЫ сой аз кк, п, ашыр e kairos TM ы 
а of cells, occupied by the — T1 f their diffasibility, а 1 to though Eu — carbonie acid from sugar (O O H ), 
tions of the plant, and approaching more or less to a | less 
spheroidalform. The internal structure of the cell h be ; more gent of piriti тесин than gum or by adding 
been explained to us by. Schleiden, Mohl, and еке, humus. Х Sugar with NO of 
who, although differing in some respects one e fro m the | Secondly, we do not know what chang in their dif. [^ action (being violent) T 
Ctt agree in representing | it, asa bladd fusibility inati th ай Ж Oxalio асл сӊо 
hic m to be the | bodies, жою "which they may spei after they Md 2d Чез } 18 
portions, as fro m n new Es originate, | entered the tissues of the „19 of water 05s Has 
e е investing membrane serves merely to pro- | Thirdly, we must recollect that the aem jo — 
tect the parts within. кее which becomes assimilated is заду pn pi m ang vomere 
The latest account of its structure, however, is that ared to the amoun Mis а то ngredients of © of hydrsted Tartaricacid ^ Cs, Og Has 18 
given by x. riis n the Archives of Medicine for which the plantis princ 
„the present not, therefore, pests pm the admission Gof water НЕ 7 
He represents it as consisting of an assemblage of E small quantities of such matters into the system dá Cos Оза Hos 
E particles, so small as to have de тен чер wd valid en to the general principle, 6 Hydrated Oxalie acid Cis О Ho 
of each of which he eonsiders to be en i» t i d their way into the 1 Sugar ш Qux Hi 
with vitality, and to be the seat of an the actions Duces of the etd are for the most part erystal- з Hydrated Tartaricacid Озь, Ose His. 
wi the living plant. Не refo o- | lisable salts, whilst the existence of such bodies їп В А Е агъа th 
these particles Dain ав Фалих soluble form, as shown , removes in aad "There is also this curious relation between the 
easure the difficulty which before presented itself, as | bodies we have been considering, namely, that their 
| t culty p heiter e uw 
ЕЕ e inclosed within a membrane, the manner in which they were able to become in- mettere e petuo df ууна, Ur Wat быу 
permanent їп its properties, and -a corporated in the vegetable organism. Ж, » : 
meable to fluids, but destitute itself of edit althoug и h| » ually from“the condition of a crystalloid to 
еа. 
“за. А dn Let us now э зин to apply these principles to | тү 214 thar 
possessed it. -He айо % therefore by the | us acids are more diffusible sugar—sugar 
mame of “Еовмкр Marrer.” It pret not only the | - — of certain other phenomena of vege- than gum— gum t than 
ced as possessing also | 
> oils. 
the colloid bodies of vege- 
‚ produced during the ме туй =) take 
capable of ex - A о iso- 
vo bave accounted for еу 
rom without, tae into the КЕЕ d ы 
endosmose, and into the intercellular spaces by amd 
arity; and have — out сета manner in which ved 
sap is propelled upwards into the ue MÀ greai 
КҮТ весопйагу osits which are destitute of it, |. 
гав starch, wax, "ero yll, &c. 
as these cells, much they vary in form and. 1 
БҮР 
merio — just as silica, amid ina, sni га хїйе 
of ir — d bo ey E m агч peat "Eng 
i dom capable of doing ; with 
; it is evident, that they must 1 
тай spaces bobeen, them, Tia mi be Шы 
capillary a traction e fl present e 
with which their roots are in contact. 
inute ы кка saline н TES 
а quantities of certain y е‹ Жл 
however, as we have seen, possess a disfusibili i а substances ind f Dd. 
vegetable cel" B эбе - ^ ^ beo there is reason to suspect that the vegetable alkalies 
angid by endosmose from the matter introduced, | d ich зм still more exten р туесе puer 
and tho Tatter, owing to its great Aifasibili ity, will врЬ ой Бае едх В : ane е one or more hydrogen 
i i natural MÀ —— 
owever, which occupy the superficial por: | which combustion is соп 
tions of the plant, especially the leaves, Will of carbonic acid previously due only to ийн тарби: mado бата ве eR Oiio 
Ф „the atmosphere a portion of their aqueOUS put the counteracting process by which carbon | pases (Ph. "Tr. 1850), seems to нае to this sup- 
re ае фес cie temperature to which becomes fixed and oxygen ce ge is not quite 50 | position 
: posed, 4 retis : 1 be | simple as was at first apprehende: 
occasioned in them, which Adi de directl eme Берге the whole of the oxygen is s set, % ib чу, Thus, са M сеч Chemist just 
by the luids existing in the lower and more leeply | various in. " 
roc giae ‘Liebig has illustrated this by a simp mm ibe lant сои le ergo deni xfi 
a em ap of А d tube | present in the origi L Soio acid, but constituting 
MAE water, and А з — Hih um x — a аР intermedia: pene conn: ling writ b Байын; 
"The а. г йз 1 s conie ws d тше, аце of the original ra terial (so to |20 we obtain an hne "Қ. dis on t 
& раввев the menibrane by endosmose, | ș эзе k) with the resins and oils, in E obi latter the noh ru some hydrocarbon for one 0 its atoms 0 
supply the vacuum Nuper орт in, "me ш oxygen is анау dissipated, and hydrogen has taken | hydrogen, аз in the instance of oxamide i 
fact may be rendered obvious to the eye by coloni mne. | Ж fa 
the brine blue, by which its ascent will be re бе| Thos MM M m vi A lc, m, 
5 Tartari „ 10. 15» is ü & the curious body obtained from 
| even )hysical ciples a rise of fluid G pem likewise we ge y 
would tke йс in варте Me: qe m З otding сакы "E TS 100 - [conl am now so M used in de bus phon called тетт 
а plant, even though it were destitute of ss but » Dry mso 0. e^ ot eim 
at thecomr ura true 8 Campho 30 — 0 i 
= " light, P 
ude, that at such times the. ic po NER Oni он follow just СЯ үле 
from the leaves is due in part to some vital process E d P world of inorgani 
stimulated by the action of E a 
Just x the animal, heat, by stimulating th аена ч by which carbon із 
exhalent vessels, renders more eet tho cutaneous of the whole of its oxygen, which is in ts turn replaced Tadiolsn, зді TH 
rreren Өн and thereby jncreases ia e evaporatio: we reverse the order in the arts of ge 
‘from the surface of iai I s0 p ү exciting the лт in converting starch h intosugar, sugar into'tartarie vo. Ha 0, 'OCumyl 
vital pores of the superficial cells, may be supposed to апа oxalic acids, and combustion any О» == Balicgl, 
cause а more abundant emission of moisture from above products ir into ed carbonic acid, which e Sede 
the stoma we get an imide. - 2e wd we 
esl mecbrane. | Liebig has also pointed | oui а curious relation | And lastly, ` by т three 
at these ti facti toms, E nitrile, thus— 
will occur within the su he iret dd and a more|the composition of the former unen бетен mde Cu Hs 05 idm 
d m mi to supply the vacuum occasioned aand that of the latter бойу: алё of the sugar from | к Qu Н, 80, Suipho- phenamine. 
деп both originate, а geno кй 
tion ME into edes and a slower one іпіо Now h odies may thus be 
-As these Lectures ought to have ац agricultural tartaric acid; whilst 6 atoms of hydrated oxalic acid жей Есау by the substitution o 
