PLATE XLVII. 



Effects of Pressure. 



In all figures except 57, 65, 66 the axis of pressure was in the direction of the egg axis. 

 Fig. 57. Exp. 1003: Pressure parallel with the egg axis has produced a linear arrangement of the 

 four macromeres, each of which preserves its original polarity and is dividing to form the first set of micro- 



meres. 



Fig. 58. 



,xis of the egg has led to the formation of 

 instead of above them. The micromeres 



usual and the 1st set has subdivided giving off "turret" cells two of which (16 2 and Id 2 ) are much Ian 

 than usual, while the other two (la 2 and lc 2 ) have been forced to the lower side of the egg. 



Fig. 59. Exp. 915: Pressure in the direction of the egg axis has led to the formation of eight mac] 

 meres, each of which is giving off in a dexiotropic direction a micrcmere of the 1st set. 



Fig. 60. Exp. 915: Pressure in the egg axis during the 4th cleavage has caused the formation 



than normal, especially in quadrants 



micromeres the "turret" cells 



larger 



Fig. 61. 



pressure was probably applied after the formation 



of micromeres which are normal; the 2d set is also normal except in quadrant A, where the macromere \A 

 divided nearly equally into macromeres 2A l and 2A 2 , and the former has divided into 2A 1 and 2a 1 . 



Fig. 62. Exp. 1001 (1): Normal except that macromere C divided equally at its fisrt division; the 

 right upper half then gave off a micromere of the first set (lc 1 ) which, judging by the shape of the cell, is 

 about to form a "turret" cell as in the other three quadrants. 



Fig. 63. Exp. 1004 (2) : Pressed during the 3d cleavage, macromeres A and D divided nearly equally, 

 thus increasing the number of macromeres to six, each of which has formed a micromere of the 1st set, while 



C has produced also a micromere of the 2d set (2c). 



Fig. 64. Exp. 1003: Pressed during the formation of the 2d set of micromeres, which are much larger 

 than usual; in the subdivision of 16 and lc the peripheral products ("turret" cells) have been forced to 

 the lower pole of the egg, and the macromeres have been pushed apart as in fig. 58. 



Fig. 65. Exp. 915: Compressed obliquely to the egg axis; macromere B being shoved under the 

 micromere plate; macromere A formed a first micromere larger than normal, which has divided equally 

 (la 1 , Id 1 ) y and then gave rise to a second "micromere," which is really a macromere (2A 1 ). 



Fig. 60. Exp. 1001 (1): Compressed parallel with the egg axis, B and D being shoved under the 

 other cells; the 1st and 2d sets of micromeres are nearly normal; at its 2d division A divided nearly equally 

 into 3A and 3A 1 , each of which has formed a micromere (2a, 2a) in a dexiotropic direction. 



Fig. 67. Exp. 1001 (3) : The cleavage is normal except that 4d is larger than usual, the result of 

 pressure in the direction of the egg axis; the cells of the ectodermal cross are stippled. 



