RURALIN^. 281 



the last egg of which is necessarily left partially exposed, for the eggs as they pass out 

 of the oviduct are coated with the secretion of the glue-glands, and passing in this 

 sticky state through or rubbing against the hairy mass, simply agglutinate a lair of 

 highly deciduous fluffy material composing it to those parts of their periphery only 

 that come into relation therewith, the insect apparently not interfering in the matter 

 even so far as to cover the last egg, the exposed condition of which may even act 

 advantageously by concentrating the attack of ichneumons, etc., on the one weak spot 

 of the eog armour." 



de Niceville also says the butterfly is best obtained by beating the lower branches, 

 as it is rather a sluggish insect and does not appear to fly much ; the species is certainly 

 .single-brooded, the larvae eating the young leaves only of the walnut. They daaa 

 immense amount of damage to the trees. 



Mackinnon and de Niceville say that C. odata occurs in great numbers in Mussuri 

 in May and June, and in the Ganges Valley in July, in fact wherever walnut trees grow 

 {Juglans regia, Linnaeus), and is a perfect pest in places, as the larvae literally strip the 

 trees of their leaves. Although the larva spins a fluffy sort of web beneath which it 

 hides, it is not of much protection, as the birds pick them out without much difficulty 

 and with great rapidity. The butterfly is most active at sunset, and is single-brooded. 

 The winter is passed in the egg state. 



Habitat. — Western Himalayas. 



Distribution. — Eecorded by Mackinnon and de Niceville from Mussuri, by Leslie 

 and Evans from Chitral, by de Niceville from Upper Kunawar, 8,000 to 10,000 feet 

 elevation ; we have it from Kulu. 



Genus LISTERIA. 

 Listeria, de Niceville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1894, p. 35. 



Male. Forewing rather long and narrow, costa almost straight, apex to 

 termination of third median nervule truncate, outer margiu below truncation 

 emarginate, inner angle rather acute, inner margin lobed before the middle ; costal 

 nervule ending just beyond the upper end of the discoidal cell ; sub-costal nervure 

 with three branches, excluding the terminal portion of the nervure, which is often 

 counted as an additional sub-costal nervule, terminating on the costa just before the 

 apex of the wing, first sub-costal nervule arising from the sub-costal nervure a little 

 before the middle of the cell, ending on the costa beyond the end of the cell, second 

 sub-costal arising nearer to the apex of the cell than to the origin of the first sub-costal ; 

 third sub-costal arising midway between the end of the cell and the apex of the wing ; 

 upper discocellular nervule wanting, middle discocellular arising at the point where the 

 upper discoidal nervure is given off", concave ; lower discocellular longer than the 



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