EOSACE.^. 189 



distinguish it at once from all other Rosacea. In the Mulberry however 

 each granule is formed by a separate flower, whilst in Rubus the whole 

 fruit proceeds from a single one. From the Strawberry it differs in that 

 the carpels are succulent on a dry receptacle, whilst in the Strawberry the 

 carpels are dry, and the receptacle succulent. 



Flowering stems biennial or perennial, woody at least at the base, 3 

 or more feet long. Stipules subulate. 

 Lower leaves pinnate, with 5 leaflets. Eootstoek creeping ... 1. Rasplerry S. 

 leaves of 3 leaflets, or, if of 5, the i lower proceed from the same 

 point. 

 Branches slender, glaucous. Fruit covered with bluish bloom . 3. Dewheriy S. 



Branches not glaucous. Fruit black, without bloom 2. Blackberry S. 



Flowering .stems herbaceous, very short, or seldom a foot high. Sti- 

 pules ovate or lanceolate. 



leaves with 3 leaflets. Flowers small, axUlary 4. Stone R. 



leaves undivided. Flowers large, terminal, solitary 5. Cloudberry R. 



The Virginian Raspberry, often cultivated in shrubberies, is the R. odo- 

 ratus from North America. The Arctic R. (R. arcticus, Eng. Bot, t. 1585), 

 a low plant, with a creeping rootstock, and short, herbaceous stems, like the 

 Cloudberry R., but with 3 leaflets and pink flowers, has been inserted in 

 our Floras as having been foimd in the Scotch Highlands, but this appears 

 to be a mistake. At any rate, all recent search for it there has been in vain. 



1. Raspberry Rubus. Rubus idseus, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 2442. Raspberry.) 



Eootstoek perennial and creeping ; the flowering stems biennial, nearly 

 erect, 3 or 4 feet high, more or less downy, and armed with weak prickles. 

 Stipules small, subulate, often inserted some way up the leafstalk. Leaves 

 pinnate ; leaflets 5 in the lower leaves, often 3 only in the upper ones, 

 ovate or oblong, pointed, coarsely toothed, of a light green above and 

 whitish underneath. Flowers white, in long panicles at the ends of the 

 short^branches. Petals narrow and short. Fruit red, sometimes white in 

 cultivation, usually separating from the receptacle when ripe. 



In woods throughout Europe and Russian Asia. Generally distributed 

 over Britain, but perhaps in some localities escaped from cultivation. Fl. 

 spring or early summer. 



2. Blackberry Rubus. Rubus fruticosus, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. Y15, 827, 2572, and Suppl. t. 2604, 2605, 2625, 2631, 2664, 



and 2714. Bramble. Blackberry). 

 Eootstoek perennial, without underground creeping shoots; the flowering 

 stems biennial, or of few years' duration, sometimes nearly erect, but more 

 frequently arched, straggling or prostrate, often rooting, and forming fresh 

 plants at the extremity, usually armed with prickles, either stout and hooked 

 or thin and straight, with stiff hairs, or glandular bristles, or a short 

 down, all variously intermingled or occasionally wanting. Stipules subulate 

 or linear, inserted a short way up the leafstalk. Leaflets rather large, and 

 coarse, either 3 or 5, the 2 or 4 lower ones inserted together at some dis- 

 tance below the terminal one, ovate, toothed, more or less downy, the 

 midribs as well as the stalks usually armed with small hooked prickles. 

 Flowers white or pink, in panicles at the ends of the branches. Fruit black, 

 or very rarely dull-red, not separating readily from the receptacle, the calyx 

 usually turned down under it, seldom closing over it as in the Dewberry R. 

 In hedges, thickets, woods, and waste places, over nearly the whole of 



