ROSACEA. ♦ 203 



but with more probability of its being a true native. Fl. spring. In a wild 

 state it produces tlie small acrid fruit known luider the name of Crab Apple, 

 but the Apples, Pippins, Codlins, etc., of our orchards all belong to the 

 same species. 



3. Beam Psrrus. Pjrrus Aria, Ehrh. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 1858. White Beam-tree.) 



Often a mere shrub, but growing into a tree of moderate size, with a rather 

 broad head ; the inflorescence, the young shoots, and the under side of the 

 leaves covered with a soft, white cotton. Leaves ovate or obovate, green 

 and glabrous on the upper side, always sharply toothed, sometimes undi- 

 vided, sometimes more or less pLnnately lobed ; the lobes rounded at the top, 

 and not acuminate as in the out-leaved P. Flowers white, in corymbs at 

 the ends of short, leafy branches, but not near so numerous as in the Rowan- 

 tree, and rather larger, the lateral peduncles bearing seldom more than 3 or 4. 

 Styles usually 2 only. Berries globular or ovoid, and red. 



In woods, in central Europe, and in the mountain-ranges of southern 

 Europe and central Asia, extending eastward to the Altai and Himalaya, 

 and northward into Scandinavia. Generally distributed over Britain, but 

 more frequent in England and Ireland than in Scotland. Fl. spring or 

 early summer. The cut-leaved varieties are sometimes considered as species, 

 under the name of P. intermedia or P. scandica, when the lobes are not 

 deep, and P. pinnatifida (Eng. Bot. t. 2331) or P.feunica, when the lower 

 ones reach the midrib ; the former is not uncommon in the north of Eiu-ope, 

 and is occasionally found in Scotland ; the other appears to be of garden 

 origin. 



4. Cut-leaved Pyms. Pyrtis torminalis, Ehrh. 

 (Crataigus^ Eng. Bot. t. 298. Wild Service-tree.) 



A tall shrub or moderately sized tree, with tlie inflorescence and under 

 side of the leaves, when young, clothed with a loose down, which disappears 

 as they grow old. Leafstalks slender ; leaves broad, and divided to near 

 the middle into a few broad, pointed lobes, bordered with small teeth. 

 Flowers in corpnbs at the ends of short leafy branches, wliite, fewer and 

 larger than in the Roioan P. ; more numerous and rather smaller than in 

 the Beam P. Styles usually 2, united to above the middle. Berries ovoid 

 or globular, small and brownish. 



In woods, in central and southern Europe to the Caucasus, scarcely ex- 

 tending into northern Grermany. In Britain, only in southern and central 

 England. Fl. spring. 



5. Bo^^an Pyrus. Pyrus Aucuparia, Gajrtn. 

 {Sorbus, Eng. Bot. t. 337. Rowan-tree or Mountain Ash.) 



A moderate-sized tree, distinguished from all the foregoing by the regularly 

 pinnate leaves. Leaflets 11 to 19, in pairs along the common stalk, with a 

 terminal one at some distance from the last pair ; all narrow, oblong, toothed, 

 from 1 to near 2 inches long, glabrous or nearly so above, more or less downy 

 underneath. Flowers white, rather small, but very numerous, in showy 

 corymbs at the ends of short leafy branches. Peduncles and calyx more or 

 less downy. Styles rather short, usually 3, almost glabrous, and free from 

 the base. Ben-ies numerous, small, globular, of a bright red. 



In woods, throughout Europe and Russian Asia^ especially iu mountainous 



